Flexible and biocompatible high-performance solid-state micro-battery for implantable orthodontic system

Abstract

To augment the quality of our life, fully compliant personalized advanced health-care electronic system is pivotal. One of the major requirements to implement such systems is a physically flexible high-performance biocompatible energy storage (battery). However, the status-quo options do not match all of these attributes simultaneously and we also lack in an effective integration strategy to integrate them in complex architecture such as orthodontic domain in human body. Here we show, a physically complaint lithium-ion micro-battery (236 μg) with an unprecedented volumetric energy (the ratio of energy to device geometrical size) of 200 mWh/cm 3 after 120 cycles of continuous operation. Our results of 90% viability test confirmed the battery's biocompatibility. We also show seamless integration of the developed battery in an optoelectronic system embedded in a threedimensional printed smart dental brace. We foresee the resultant orthodontic system as a personalized advanced health-care application, which could serve in faster bone regeneration and enhanced enamel health-care protection and subsequently reducing the overall health-care cost.

Atomic Fe–Nx Coupled Open‐Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers for Efficient and Bioadaptable Oxygen Electrode in Mg–Air Batteries

“…With the rapid development of lightweight, portable, flexible, and wearable electronics for diverse health and biomedical devices, there is an urgent need to explore new power sources that offer higher flexibility and human/tissue adaptability for these electronic devices, such as aqueous metal‐ion batteries, bio‐fuel cells, and metal–air batteries . Among them, the metal–air batteries are considered to be one of the most promising types of power sources due to their high‐energy capacities, high flexibility, and eco‐friendly and low cost fabrication process .…”

“…Figure e shows the open‐circuit potential (7.83 V) of the five serially connected solid‐state Mg–air microbatteries. These microbatteries have been shaped into a wristband shape and used to power a large red LED (3.5 V) without obvious performance decay for a few hours (Figure f), which indicates the OM‐NCNF‐FeN x ‐equipped microbattery can serve as flexible and wearable power sources for applications in diverse electronic and biomedical devices, because the powers to drive these devices generally fall in the µW to mW levels, like wristbands for health monitoring, pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, and neurological stimulators, and electrical stimulators for stem cell differentiation …”

Respiration‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications

“…30 IMDs, implantable medical devices; TENG, triboelectric nanogenerator entire device. 48,129 Despite the emergence of flexible/ stretchable batteries opening up possibilities for wearable and implantable bioelectronics, [123][124][125][126][127][128] other potential issues including electrode delamination during deformation and leakage of toxic electrolyte still raise concerns for its practical applications. 130,131 Moreover, taking account of IMDs, the replacement of or recharging the batteries requires substantial surgical or technical efforts, introducing additional suffering and complexity (infections and inflammations) to the patients.…”

Corrugation Architecture Enabled Ultraflexible Wafer‐Scale High‐Efficiency Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cell

“…[1][2][3][4] This is mainly triggered by the need of self-powered technologies which abandons cords and benefit from wireless technologies for the sheer feasibility and convenience of the wearer. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Recent research efforts have investigated the development of inorganic and organic flexible thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) through materials innovation and device engineering. Silicon-based solar cells is one of the most investigated materials in photovoltaics technology due to its natural abundance, nontoxicity, excellent reliability, mature manufacturing, and high performance.…”