Every year, more than 50 million metric tons of apples are produced, and apple pomace is frequently discarded as waste in the food industry. Apple pomace, a byproduct of apple juice and cider production, is used as a sustainable raw material to make valuable products such as nutraceuticals and pectin. Apple pomace contains a substantial amount of antioxidant compounds, which have been related to several health advantages. Therefore, valuable components extracted from this byproduct may be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The common and new technologies to obtain valuable products from apple pomace which has come from production of apple juice or cider. Especially, emphasis of new and green technique is very important and will contribute the literature. Therefore, this review discussed apple processing, pectin as a bioactive compound, the extraction methods, current applications of apple pomace byproducts, and future studies on its potential uses in food.
Osteoartritis knee adalah salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh faktor degenerasi yang paling sering dijumpai pada penyakit musculoskeletal. Keluhan yang sering dialami yaitu kombinasi antara nyeri sendi, kekakuan, ketidakstabilan, pembengkakan, dan kelemahan otot. Osteoartritis knee merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi yang menyebabkan kecacatan dan penurunan level fungsional seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh kombinasi latihan hold relax dan open kinetik chain dengan latihan hold relax dan close kinetic chain terhadap peningkatan kemampuan fungsional pada pasien osteoartritis knee. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan one group pretest-postetst design. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 26 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok perlakuan 1 hold relax dan open kinetic chain sebanyak 13 orang, kelompok perlakuan 2 hold relax dan close kinetic chain sebanyak 13 orang. Kedua kelompok sampel diukur kemampuan fungsionalnya menggunakan WOMAC. Latihan dilakukan sebanyak 9 kali perlakuan selama 3 minggu. Analisis pengaruh dilakukan dengan uji paired sample T test pada kelompok 1 dan pada kelompok 2. Uji paired sample t-test pada kelompok 1 hold relax dan open kinetic chain diperoleh nilai p=0,000 ( p<0,05 ). Sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan 2 hold relax dan close kinetic chain diperoleh nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05) yang berarti ada pengaruh pada kemampuan fungsional sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Dari hasil pengujian dengan Independent t-test didapatkan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05) yang berarti ada perbedaan pengaruh hold relax dan open kinetic chain dengan hold relax dan close kinetic chain terhadap peningkatan kemampuan fungsional pasien osteoartritis knee.
Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication that occurs in approximately 15 percent of patients with diabetes mellitus. Over 60% of diabetic foot ulcers are caused by underlying neuropathy. Former studies on diabetic animals with foot wounds found that vibration platforms significantly accelerate wound healing by catalyzing epithelization, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing muscle bulk. This result suggests that there is evidence that vibrations may accelerate diabetic neuropathic ulcer healing in human patients. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of vibration on the enhancements of diabetic foot ulcer healing in human patients is rarely investigated. Hence, in this work, we conducted an experimental study with human subjects to investigate whether vibration therapy, as a complement to the standard wound treatment, can accelerate the wound healing rate of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers. In this prospective experimental study, 80 participants diagnosed with Wagner grades I–III diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers were randomly distributed to experimental (n = 40) and control groups (n = 40). Patients in the intervention group received standard wound treatment and vibration wound therapy (VWT), whereas patients in the control group retrieved only standard wound treatment. The results (p = 0.024, α = 0.05) show notable differences in the median healing rate between the intervention group (25 days, 95% CI: 20.3–29.7) and control group (33 days, 95% CI: 25.6–40.4), with the effect-size r, Cohen’s d, Glass’s Δ, and Hedges’ g, respectively, being 0.810, 2.764, 2.311, and 2.772. Moreover, the nitric oxide (NO) level, wound closure area, and wound healing score after intervention significantly differed between the two groups (p < 0.05), putting the intervention group on a higher level than the control group. Furthermore, positive associations were found between the NO level and wound healing closure rates. These findings suggested that VWT enhances diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer healing in terms of healing rate, wound closure area, healing score, and elevated NO level. Considering that no clinically adverse effects were found in the patients induced with vibration intervention, VWT can be regarded as a complementary therapy to the existing ones to accelerate the healing of DFUs.
More than 58 million metric tonnes of oranges were produced in 2021, and the peels, which account for around one-fifth of the fruit weight, are often discarded as waste in the orange juice industry. Orange pomace and peels as wastes are used as a sustainable raw material to make valuable products for nutraceuticals. The orange peels and pomace contain pectin, phenolics, and limonene, which have been linked to various health benefits. Various green extraction methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), are applied to valorize the orange peels and pomace. Therefore, this short review will give insight into the valorization of orange peels/pomace extraction using different extraction methods for health and wellness. This review extracts information from articles written in English and published from 2004 to 2022. The review also discusses orange production, bioactive compounds in orange peels/pomaces, green extractions, and potential uses in the food industry. Based on this review, the valorization of orange peels and pomaces can be carried out using green extraction methods with high quantities and qualities of extracts. Therefore, the extract can be used for health and wellness products.
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