Orange Pomace and Peel Extraction Processes towards Sustainable Utilization: A Short Review

Abstract

More than 58 million metric tonnes of oranges were produced in 2021, and the peels, which account for around one-fifth of the fruit weight, are often discarded as waste in the orange juice industry. Orange pomace and peels as wastes are used as a sustainable raw material to make valuable products for nutraceuticals. The orange peels and pomace contain pectin, phenolics, and limonene, which have been linked to various health benefits. Various green extraction methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), are applied to valorize the orange peels and pomace. Therefore, this short review will give insight into the valorization of orange peels/pomace extraction using different extraction methods for health and wellness. This review extracts information from articles written in English and published from 2004 to 2022. The review also discusses orange production, bioactive compounds in orange peels/pomaces, green extractions, and potential uses in the food industry. Based on this review, the valorization of orange peels and pomaces can be carried out using green extraction methods with high quantities and qualities of extracts. Therefore, the extract can be used for health and wellness products.

Evaluation of physical parameters and spectral characterization of the quality of soaps containing by-products from the food industry

“…Effective disposal of the unused part of the raw material is a significant challenge for the food industry. Various studies highlight the potential usage of pomace across diverse industries 1 . In the food sector, these waste products are used as ingredients in fruit teas and as additives in confectionery and bakery products 2 .…”

Orange Peel Waste as a Source of Bioactive Compounds and Valuable Products: Insights Based on Chemical Composition and Biorefining

“…Finally, OPW can supply healthy properties to dietary supplements through phytochemicals such as vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, pectin, polyphenols, minerals, dietary fibers, essential oils, and carotenoids which present better antioxidant, disease-preventive properties than other parts of the fruit. In this sense, several health uses of orange peel can be cited: citrus flavonoids can replicate hepatic lipid metabolism, cure scurvy, and degenerative diseases [83,84]. The food and functional products industry has shifted its efforts to bio-based ingredients that can contribute to human health more than synthetic ingredients to establish a circular bioeconomy.…”

“…The provided power was 50 W. The operating conditions are shown in Table 6. These operating conditions were based on the results reported by Li et al [83]. After the extraction time, the mixture was vacuum filtered.…”

Towards a greener future: Bioactive compounds extraction from shrimp shells using eco‐friendly techniques

“…This technique utilizes microwave energy to rapidly heat the solvent and the algae matrix, facilitating the release of target compounds into the extraction solution (Tambun et al, 2021). MAE offers several advantages, including reduced extraction time, increased compound yield, and preservation of thermally sensitive compounds (Li et al, 2023). Recent studies on MAE for shrimp shells extraction have explored its potential in optimizing extraction conditions.…”

“…Within the domain of SFE for recovering bioactive compounds from shrimp shells, meticulous control of various extraction parameters assumes paramount importance in determining the extraction process's yield and efficiency. Among these parameters, pressure is central, with heightened pressure levels typically correlating with increased yields (Li et al, 2023). Elevating the pressure to which supercritical carbon dioxide is subjected enhances its solvating power, resulting in more effective compound dissolution and consequently improved recovery from the shrimp shell matrix.…”