Result of a preliminary study showed that in general the collaborative problem solving skills, science process skills, and confidence of students of SMA Negeri 19 Surabaya, SMAN 1 Tegaldlimo, MA Roudlotun Nasyin Mojokerto are still low. Therefore, researchers developed a model instructional group science learning to enhance collaborative problem solving skills, science process skills, and confidence. The purpose of this research is to get validity of Group Science Learning (GSL) developed to improve collaborative problem solving skills, science process skills, and confidence. Methods of data collection validation using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Group science learning model developed needs to be validated by experts through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Group science learning model assessed the validity of the learning model based on content validity and construct validity. Results of the validation by experts through focus group discussions indicate that group science learning model to improve the collaborative problem solving skills, science process skills, and confidence in this study are included in the category of very valid. This group science learning model can be implemented in learning to improve the collaborative problem solving skills, science process skills, and confidence. Keywords:  content validity, construct validity,  and group science learning model  Abstrak: Hasil studi awal menunjukkan bahwa secara umum keterampilan pemecahan masalah kolaboratif, keterampilan proses sains, dan kepercayaan diri siswa SMA Negeri 19 Surabaya, SMA Negeri 1 Tegaldlimo, MA Roudlotun Nasyin Mojokerto masih rendah. Oleh karena itu peneliti bermaksud mengembangkan model group science learning. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan validitas model Group Science Learning  yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah kolaboratif, keterampilan proses sains, dan kepercayaan diri. Metode pengumpulan data validasi menggunakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Validitas model pembelajaran Group Science Learning dinilai berdasarkan validitas isi dan validitas konstruk. Hasil validasi oleh pakar melalui FGD menunjukkan bahwa model Group Science Learning untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah kolaboratif, keterampilan proses sains, dan kepercayaan diri dalam penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid. Model Group Science Learning dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah kolaboratif, keterampilan proses sains, dan kepercayaan diri.Kata Kunci: Validitas isi, validitas konstruk,  dan group science learning model

CCDSR teaching model is physics teaching with the scientific activities by design to improve science process skills and its learning. This research was conducted to develop and produce a qualified CCDSR teaching model to improve the science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. The analysis of CCDSR teaching models’ quality was done by using mean validity score, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, Paired t-test, N-gain, and ANOVA test. The results showed that the CCDSR teaching model was proved to be qualified (valid, practical, and effective) to improve the science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. Based on response results was that the CCDSR teaching model can improve the learning skills of science process skills (designing and implementing science process skills learning) owned by pre-service physics teachers. The implication of this research is that the CCDSR teaching model can be an innovative solution to improve science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. Keywords: CCDSR teaching model, research and development, pre-service physics teachers, science process skills.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the validity of the CCDSR learning model. The CCDSR learning model that was developed was validated by 3 experts in a discussion forum commonly called Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of the validator assessment indicate that the content and construct validity of the CCDSR learning model are very valid criteria. The valid CCDSR learning model means having several characteristics, namely meeting the need (need), state (the state of the art), having a strong theoretical and empirical foundation, and there is consistency between the components of the model. The CCDSR learning model is included in the criteria of validity, both content and construct so that it can be used as a guide in preparing plans to improve science process skills (SPS) and SPS learning for students of prospective physics teachers.

A large eruption of Mount Gamalama happened nearly 350 years ago has left the frozen lava rocks that are now spread in the form of black stone located in the North-East coast of the island of Ternate, called batu angus (Angus stone). This paper reports the basic analysis including the phase content, crystal structure and particle morphology of the frozen lava rock, Angus stone, briefly. Based on the XRD pattern, Angus stone contains up to 20% of magnetic phases. The analysis of XRF and XRD data reveals that there are dominantly non-magnetic phases (silicate phases) in the Angus stone with the combination of Si-Al-K-Ca-O elements. Elemental distribution map from SEM/EDX image shows that there is a clear separation between non-magnetic and magnetic phases in the crushed powders indicating the easiness to obtain both phases separately. This study proves that Angus stone has potential application as a base material for the preparation of magnetic and non-magnetic functional materials.