Objectives: To evaluate the changes in lipid profile in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia using lipid lowering drug, simvastatin and herbal product allium sativum. Study Design: Clinical trial. Setting: Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi. Period: 1st January 2017 to 30th April 2017. Material & Methods: The study was designed to assess the effects of hmg-coa reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) and allium sativum on lipid profile in patients with diabetic dysplipidemia. The exclusion criteria included lactating/pregnant women’s, renal, liver and established coronary artery disease. Results: Sixty patients with abnormal lipid profile were included in the study (age 30-60 years). Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients each). Group a was orally administered with product of simvastatin (20 mg)/day for 04 months and in group b, patients were orally administered with herbal product of allium sativum (300 mg)/day for 04 months. Conclusion: On the basis of this study it is observed that allium sativum as well as simvastatin tablets both reduce total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c).
Objective: To illustrate congenital cystic lesions of the extra hepatic biliary tract on the idea of information of embryologic development through the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Methods: Patients that were suspected to have been suffering from biliary disease were referred to the MRI units, there the patients were narrowed done to confirm with the inclusion and exclusion cri- teria, thereafter written and informed consent was obtained from them and the procedure was ex- plained to them in detail. MRCP was performed on a 1.5 Tesla in MR unit, using phased-array coil for signal detection. Heavily T2 weighted images were obtained with SSF-SE technique. The axial sec- tions were used for pancreatic and bile ducts whereas the coronal sections were used for the pancreatobiliary tract, axial and coronal source images and reformatted images were evaluated to- gether for the possibility of any anomaly in extra hepatic biliary tract. This was an observational, cross sectional, prospective study with a sample size of 377 patients. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 16. Results: Choledochal cyst was found in 11 of the 377 patients with a gender separate frequency of 6 out of 196 females and 5 out of 181 males, with a total frequency of 2.9% and a p-value at <0.001 which was significant. Conclusion: By identifying the inherent anomalies that present themselves during the visualization of the biliary tract through MRCP and MRI, while coupled with information regarding the clinical signifi- cance of every entity, is vital for establishing an accurate diagnosis and in guiding acceptable clinical intervention and management.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and rapidly spread out globally, affecting 130 million individuals and starting a global pandemic. An efficacious vaccine is considered an essential tool to reduce mortality and morbidity rate related to the pandemic. Nine different vaccine candidates announced the efficacy results of their respective phase 3 trial testing up till January 2021. By the end of June 2021, the administration of seven different vaccines started under the supervision of the World Health Organisation. The current article was planned to discuss the biological composition, efficacy and primary efficacy endpoint described in literature, and to identify the factors that could affect vaccine efficacy and vaccine coverage. Key Words: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Efficacy, Vaccine coverage, Efficacy endpoint, Factors.
Objectives: To analyze the adverse effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) and garlic (Allium sativum) on renal function in diabetic dyslipidemic patients.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi from 1st March 2019 to 30th August 2019. Total of 60 patients of 30-70 years of age with abnormal lipid profile were enrolled for this study after a written consent. The study was conducted to assess the side effects of statin (20 mg/day) and garlic (300 mg/day) in diabetic dyslipidemia patients. The study period consisted of six months. Blood pressure, body weight and height of subjects were assessed. The patient answered the questionnaire on health complaints, smoking, social role, drug usage, family history and dietary pattern. The initial inclusion criteria of the patient were 1) Age between 30-70 years old of either sex, 2) Patients with diabetic dyslipidemia. The exclusion criteria were 1) Pregnancy or lactation, 2) Patients with liver diseases, 3) Patients with renal diseases. Detailed medical history and physical examination of all patients were carried out.Results: This study included 60 patients with an abnormal lipid profile of age 30-70 years. Internationalstatin product (20 mg/day) and local garlic product (300 mg/day) for 08 weeks were used for oral administration in patients. Urea and creatinine levels in the serum of diabetic dyslipidemic patients were measured before and after treatment with an international statin (20 mg/day) and a local garlic product (300 mg/day). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, statins increase the serum level of urea and creatinine while garlic has no effect on urea and creatinine serum level.
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