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Background — The mental health of medical students has long been a concern. Symptoms of depression and burnout are common among medical students, but the overlap of symptoms of both diseases with risk factors remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout and depression symptoms’ overlap in medical students. Methods — This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the clinical course (3rd, 4th and 5th years). A multistage stratified random sampling design was used to select 284students that were offered a validated and structured questionnaire that included a modified Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess their emotional burnout and depression, respectively. Chi-square and multinomial regression analyses were done to identify overlapping symptoms of burnout and depression with association of risk factors with dependent variable. Results — Out of 284 students, 13% had symptoms of severe depression, 24% had high burnout symptoms, and 32% had overlapping symptoms of burnout and depression. In regression analysis, higher academic year more than 2 times (5th year, OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.42-7.96, p-value 0.004) and living at dormitory more than 3 times (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.97-5.01, p-value 0.003) were more likely associated with more extensive overlap of burnout and depression symptoms. Conclusion — There is a high prevalence of burnout and depression symptoms among medical students, with a strong association between the two disorders. Early burnout detection and psychiatric therapies given to affected students and these disorders management training at medical school, may help reduce negative consequences of these conditions.

Objective: The current research was draft to contrast the variation in levels of Prolactin (PRL), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in female rodents by experimentally producing hypothyroidism.Methods: The Animal House of Dow University of Health science was used for the purpose of doing this research which was almost completed in a period of 10 months. The total number of 30 rodents of Wistar Albino species were taken to use in this research. Only adult healthy female rodents weighing between 180-200 gm were included in the study and animals which were found to be slow and lethargic were excluded from the study. These rats were separated into two parts by dividing them into two groups of fifteen animals each. The primary group received the regular normal diet and routine tap water for six weeks and was labeled as the control group whereas the other group was forced to accept Carbimazole (Antithyroid drug) through feeding tube by mixing 0.02% / ml of regular drinking water for a period of six weeks. After six weeks all the rats were slaughtered. The cardiac puncture of animal was done in order to collect blood. Analysis of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin was carried out by using the ELISA kits on serum of animal which was centrifuged and separated.Results: The result observed for control group showed a mean value ± standard deviation(SD) of 5.13 ± 1.39 mIU/ml for Follicle Stimulating Hormone. In the same group the mean value ± SD observed for Luteinizing Hormone was 8.38 ± 16.02 mIU/ml and for PRL was 0.40 ± 0.05 ng/ml respectively. The second group that is the hypothyroid group revealed a mean value ± (SD) of 5.89 ± 1.63 mIU/ml for Follicle Stimulating Hormone. For Luteinizing Hormones in hypothyroid group, the mean value ± SD turned out to be 9.30 ± 13.34 mIU/ml whereas the mean value ± SD observed for Prolactin in hypothyroid group was 0.62 ± 0.12 ng/ml. The information was entered on SPSS version 16. This information was analysed by applying an independent sample t-test in between the two groups to compare the levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and PRL. The p-value was observed which turned out to be insignificant for Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone but quite remarkable for Prolactin.Conclusion: Hypothyroidism created by an antithyroid drug (Carbimazole) leads to a remarkable rise in the levels of PRL regardless of the changes in levels of gonadotropins which may lead to the sterility in females.