Objective: To study the depression among medical and engineering students of different medical and engineering colleges in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at different medical and engineering colleges of Karachi from 1st March 2018 till 30th August 2018. Sample size of 362 was calculated by using software SPSS version 22. A close ended, self-administered, modified form of standardized questionnaire was used which comprised of two parts. First part included collection of socio-demographic data, second part had questions for the assessment of depression. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) was utilized in scoring the depression level in the study subjects. Results: In engineering and medical colleges 82.87% and 56.9% students were found depressed repeatedly. The result was highly statistically significant. Overall, 109 (30.1%) students were normal, 114 (31.5%) were suffering from mild, 67 (18.5%) moderate, 32 (8.8%) severe and 40 (11.0%) had very severe depression. Conclusion: In the present study, rate of depression was higher in engineering students as compared to medical students. It is recommended in future that qualitative studies of the causes of depression reducing interventions need to be encouraged in professional program, especially in engineering students. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1858 How to cite this:Siddiqui NA, Fatima S, Taj FB, Shahid A, Moosa ZA. Depression among undergraduate medical and engineering students: A comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1096-1099. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1858 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objectives: To evaluate the changes in lipid profile in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia using lipid lowering drug, simvastatin and herbal product allium sativum. Study Design: Clinical trial. Setting: Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi. Period: 1st January 2017 to 30th April 2017. Material & Methods: The study was designed to assess the effects of hmg-coa reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) and allium sativum on lipid profile in patients with diabetic dysplipidemia. The exclusion criteria included lactating/pregnant women’s, renal, liver and established coronary artery disease. Results: Sixty patients with abnormal lipid profile were included in the study (age 30-60 years). Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients each). Group a was orally administered with product of simvastatin (20 mg)/day for 04 months and in group b, patients were orally administered with herbal product of allium sativum (300 mg)/day for 04 months. Conclusion: On the basis of this study it is observed that allium sativum as well as simvastatin tablets both reduce total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c).
Objectives: To observe the variations in lipid profile in patients with secondary hyperlipidemia using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.Methods: This study was done at private hospital in patients predominantly suffering from secondary hyperlipidemia. The duration of study was about 4 months. Body weight, height and blood pressure of subjects were assessed. The subjects were asked to answer the related question on cigarette smoking, health related complaints, detailed history of family, drug usage, and nutritional habits. Subjects were requested to make up a permission form before starting the research study. This case control study was performed at local private Hospital, located at Karachi from 1st April 2017 to 30th July 2017. The aim of research was to analyze the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on lipid profile in patients of secondary hyperlipidemia. Age between 35 to 65 years and secondary hyperlipidemicpatients were included in the inclusion criteria. Lactating/pregnant women, renal, liver and established coronary artery diseases were included in exclusion criteria. Results: Sixty patients having deteriorated lipid profile were included in this research (age 30-60 years). Subjects were prescribed simvastatin orally 20 mg/day (international product) for 04 months. The total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL and HDL were analysed using simvastatin (20mg/day) of international standard in the serum of secondary hyperlipidemic patients.Conclusion: During this study it is observed that Simvastatin raises the HDL level and reduces LDL level and cholesterol level.
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