Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...
Nomophobia can be defined as a digital age phobia consisting of an excessive fear of being without a smartphone. Nomophobia negatively impacts physical and mental health, particularly in children and adolescents. This study aimed to test the factor structure and psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire for Adolescents (NMP-Q–A). Sample 1 comprised 338 adolescents (58.6% girls), with a mean age of 13.55 ( SD = 2.07) years old, and was used to examine the factor structure of the NMP-Q–A, its psychometric properties and the association with other constructs. Sample 2 included 193 adolescents (53.9% boys), with a mean age of 13.61 ( SD = 0.80) years old and was used to further test the NMP-Q–A factor structure. One higher-order factor with four lower-order factors structure revealed a good fit to the data in both samples. The NMP-Q–A showed good reliability, construct and concurrent validity. Girls showed higher nomophobia. Adolescents showing more nomophobia revealed more smartphone addiction and psychopathological symptoms and lower quality of life. The NMP-Q–A showed to be a valid and reliable measure to be used in clinical and educational settings.
IntroductionFrom a life-span developmental perspective, retirement can be considered a life event that entails a complex psychological challenge, including leaving one's professional life and organizing/enjoying the newly available free time. The literature about retirement identifies different stages and patterns of transition/adaption associated with time spent in retirement.ObjectivesTo analyze the association between time spent in retirement and subjective measures of mental health, depressive symptomatology, loneliness and satisfaction with life.MethodsQuantitative cross-sectional study with 641 participants (M = 74,86). The instruments included: sociodemographic questionnaire; mental health inventory (MHI-5); geriatric depression scale (GDS); UCLA loneliness scale; satisfaction with life scale (SWLS).ResultsStatistically significant differences in all the health and well-being variables addressed were found between subgroups of time spent in retirement (MHI-5: P = 0.001; GDS: P < 0.001; UCLA: P = 0.038; SWLS: P = 0.022). Mental health and satisfaction with life increases in the first year after retirement, but during the second year, they decrease to the levels found in pre-retirement. Loneliness and depressive symptomatology follow an inverted pattern. With the passing of years, loneliness and depression tend to increase; mental health and satisfaction with life tend to decrease.ConclusionsThe results provide support to the hypotheses of honeymoon and disenchantment phases in the recently retired and to the existence of different patterns of transition/adaptation associated with time spent in retirement. They also highlight the relevance of devising intervention strategies that enable individuals to maintain the satisfaction levels with life and mental health achieved during the first phase of retirement.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
IntroductionQuality of Life (QoL) plays a remarkable role in practice and public health policy. However, research on QoL among children and adolescents is still scarce and it seems crucial to develop and validate assessment tools for measuring health-related QoL.ObjectivesThe current study aims to analyse the psychometric properties and validate the Portuguese version of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument (YQOL-R; Patrick et al., 2002). In addition, the convergent and divergent validities are examined with related constructs.MethodsParticipants were 507 adolescents, with ages between 12 and 19 years old, attending middle and high schools. Together with YQOL-R, participants also filled out the Kidscreen-27 (Gaspar & Matos, 2008) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado & Leal, 2004).ResultsThe Portuguese version of YQOL-R showed a four-factor structure (dimensions: Self, Relationships, Environment, General Quality of Life), similar to the original version. This instrument also revealed a good internal reliability and adequate temporal stability. YQOL-R showed positive correlations with health-related quality of life and negative associations with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. There were significant gender differences regarding quality of life, with boys reporting higher levels of perceived quality of life than girls.ConclusionsFuture studies should be conducted to ensure these findings among clinical samples or physical conditions. Nevertheless, this study contributes to the set of available instruments for the assessment of QoL among children and adolescents, suggesting that the YQOL-R may be a useful tool for research and health practices in community samples.
Contexto e Objetivo: A nomofobia (no mobile phone) é definida como uma fobia da era digital que se traduz num medo excessivo de ficar impedido de usar o telemóvel. No contexto da pandemia COVID-19, observou-se a intensificação do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Este estudo pretendeu explorar a existência de diferenças nos níveis de nomofobia experienciados durante a pandemia, comparando-os com os evidenciados antes da pandemia. Adicionalmente, procurou-se analisar a relação entre a nomofobia e variáveis como a frequência do uso dos ecrãs na atividade profissional, o recurso ao gerenciador do telemóvel e em que medida a pandemia tornou o uso do ecrã uma prática recorrente. Hipotetiza-se que, em virtude da maioria das atividades ocorrer no domicílio (teletrabalho, aulas online), se observe uma diminuição global da nomofobia. Métodos: Estudo de desenho transversal. Participaram 288 indivíduos da população geral em situação de pandemia e 500 indivíduos de uma amostra recolhida previamente à pandemia. Todos os participantes preencheram online o European Portuguese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Resultados: Os níveis de nomofobia observados durante a pandemia foram mais reduzidos comparativamente aos do período pré-pandemia. Não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos níveis de nomofobia em função do sexo, estado civil ou prática recorrente do uso do ecrã. A nomofobia não se mostrou associada à idade, uso dos ecrãs para efeitos profissionais ou recurso ao gerenciador do telemóvel. Conclusões: Em virtude da maioria das atividades ocorrerem em casa (teletrabalho, aulas online), os níveis de nomofobia observados em situação de pandemia foram mais reduzidos. Estes parecem estar relacionados com a diminuição global do medo de não poder comunicar através do telemóvel, perder conectividade, não poder aceder à informação e recear não ter sinal Wi-Fi ou ficar sem bateria.
Introduction: The impact of the diagnosis of an oncologic disease is well-known in terms of psychological adjustment and quality of life. On the other hand it is known that depressive symptoms may also overlap the physical symptoms of cancer and cancer treatment, which may interfere in their detection and appropriate treatment approach. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between psychological adjustment to lung cancer, self-compassion, social support and emotional negative states in patients with lung cancer. Method: Fifty-five patients diagnosed with lung cancer (38 men and 17 women) with ages ranging from 44 to 87 years old participated in the study.
Psychological inflexibility is defined as a transdiagnostic mechanism characterized by rigid efforts to control psychological reactions to painful, undesirable, unpleasant internal experiences. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-University Students (AAQ-US) was designed to assess students’ academic context-related psychological inflexibility. This study adapted the AAQ-US to Portuguese and examined its factor structure, validity, and reliability in a college student sample (sample 1: N = 262). Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis suggested a two-factor structure. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in a second sample to cross-validate the AAQ-US factor structure (sample 2: N = 260). One higher-order factor (psychological inflexibility) with two lower-order factors (cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance) revealed a very good fit to the data. The AAQ-US total and dimensions showed good reliability, convergent and incremental validity. Overall, the Portuguese version of the AAQ-US is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing context-specific psychological inflexibility in university students.
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