Adaptation of the European Portuguese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire for Adolescents, Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

Abstract

Nomophobia can be defined as a digital age phobia consisting of an excessive fear of being without a smartphone. Nomophobia negatively impacts physical and mental health, particularly in children and adolescents. This study aimed to test the factor structure and psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire for Adolescents (NMP-Q–A). Sample 1 comprised 338 adolescents (58.6% girls), with a mean age of 13.55 ( SD = 2.07) years old, and was used to examine the factor structure of the NMP-Q–A, its psychometric properties and the association with other constructs. Sample 2 included 193 adolescents (53.9% boys), with a mean age of 13.61 ( SD = 0.80) years old and was used to further test the NMP-Q–A factor structure. One higher-order factor with four lower-order factors structure revealed a good fit to the data in both samples. The NMP-Q–A showed good reliability, construct and concurrent validity. Girls showed higher nomophobia. Adolescents showing more nomophobia revealed more smartphone addiction and psychopathological symptoms and lower quality of life. The NMP-Q–A showed to be a valid and reliable measure to be used in clinical and educational settings.

Internal consistency and structural validity of the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) and its translations: A systematic review with meta-analysis

“…1 . A totality of 13 [ 3 , 6 , 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , 40 ] studies with a total sample size of 15,929 participants were included in the final analyses. Table 1 presents summary of the internal consistency and structural validity of the NMP-Q.…”

“…The NMP-Q-PT has proven to be a trustworthy and accurate tool for assessing nomophobia. Acceptable 6 [ 12 ] Galhardo A, 2022 Portuguese 53.9 13.61 ± 0.80 Adolescents EFA/CFA, Promax 531 0.95 The concept, concurrent, and reliability validity of the NMP-Q-A were strong. Acceptable 7 [ 11 ] Gao Y, 2020 Chinese 51.95 18.00 ± 3.01 Adolescents and Adults EFA/CFA, Varimax 2000 0.92 The 4-factor structure of the translated questionnaire is supported by the eigenvalues, the total variance explained, and the scree plot.…”

“…The NMP-Q has been widely used for prevalence estimation and screening of nomophobia symptoms in both clinical and community settings [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. The NMP-Q has recently been translated into Arabic [ 6 , 7 ], Greek [ 8 ], Persian [ 9 , 10 ], Chinese [ 11 ], Portuguese [ 12 , 13 ], Italian [ 14 ], and Spanish [ [15] , [16] , [17] ], and its psychometric qualities have remained consistently strong.…”

Metaphorical Connotations of Preservice Teachers on the Concept of Nomophobia

“…Nomophobia can be defined as a digital age phobia stemming from the fear of being without a smartphone (Galhardo, Loureiro, Massano-Cardosso & Cunha, 2022). At the point where human interaction with technology has reached, the concept of nomophobia has been chosen as the word of the year by the Cambridge Dictionary via a public vote in 2018 (Eren, Kılıç, Günal, Kırcalı, Öznacar &Topuzoğlu, 2020).…”

The relationship between nomophobia and psychological distress in Tunisian students: The moderating effect of physical activity

“…Reductions in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time were found to be a risk factor for mild stress and moderate-to-severe depression, whereas increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity frequency was found to be a protective factor for mild and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms [19]. Other studies, however, foundweak correlations between these three variables [20][21][22][23], and a recent study showed no association between anxiety, depression and physical activity levels [20]. On the other hand, more severe nomophobia has been shown to contribute to decreased physical activity [24][25][26].…”