У статті наведені результати дослідження з визначення ефективності використання в годівлі ремонтних телиць розроблених енерго–протеїнових добавок з захищеним від розщеплення в рубці протеїном на 62 – 65% при вирощуванні ремонтних телиць з після молочного періоду до запліднення у порівнянні з традиційними білковими добавками – соняшниковим та соєвим шротами. Кормові добавки ТЕП-мікс і КЕБ розроблені спільно співробітниками Інституту тваринництва НААН та ТОВ «Арніка ФІД» (м. Глобине Полтавської області). Науково-господарські дослідження проводили на базі ДП ДГ «Гонтарівка» Інституту тваринництва НААН. У досліді тривалістю 487 днів на чотирьох групах молодняку молочного напрямку продуктивності по 12 голів у кожній вивчали фактичне споживання кормів, визначали динаміку живої маси, середньодобові прирости, термін першого приходу в охоту, першого осіменіння та запліднення. Доведено позитивний вплив використання розроблених енерго–протеїнових добавок з захищеним протеїном ТЕП-мікс і КЕБ в годівлі ремонтних телиць з післямолочного періоду. Введення до складу раціону ремонтного молодняку молочного напрямку продуктивності добавки ТЕП-мікс дозволило отримати середньодобові прирості за весь період вирощування на 4,53 % більші у порівнянні з використанням в раціонах шроту соняшникового, та скорочення віку плодотворного осіменіння на 1,43 міс. У середньому на 1,81 міс. отримано скорочення плодотворного осіменіння телиць на раціонах з ТЕП-мікс у порівнянні з використанням раціонів з соєвим шротом. Застосування добавки КЕБ дозволило отримати середньодобові прирості за весь період вирощування на 11,21 % більші у порівнянні використанням соняшникового шроту та на 6,22 % у порівнянні з використанням соєвого шроту, знизити вік першого осіменіння на 0,65 і 0,29 місяців відповідно та скоротити вік плодотворного запліднення на 1,62 та 2,0 місяці відповідно.
A method for calculating a complex integral indicator of the metabolic state of an animal's body based on a biochemical blood test is proposed. The essence of the method lies in the fact that within the reference zone of distribution of each biochemical indicator included in the processing, its actual value turns into an index of relative normality equal to 100 % if the result of the analysis coincides with the middle of the reference zone and equal to 0 % if it coincides with the extreme values. When the indicator goes beyond the reference range, the relative normality index takes negative values. The conversion of the actual value (quality) was carried out taking into account linear proportionality. Integration was performed by calculating the arithmetic mean for all available blood biochemical parameters. As a result of such processing of the biochemical analysis of blood parameters, an integral parameter is obtained that characterizes the metabolic status of the animal's body as a percentage of the conditional norm. In this case, an important characteristic of the state of the body is the dispersion of the obtained value of "normality". This method processed the results of blood tests of lactating cows under the influence of the feeding factor. When applying the dispersion statistical method of analysis, no influence of the feed factor on the status of the biochemical profile of varnishing cows was revealed. Dispersion analysis of converted blood biochemical parameters to units of conditional normality established the difference between the control group of animals and the experimental group at the level of a trend. The variance value of the normality coefficient decreased by the end of the second period in the control group by 42.95 %, and in the experimental group by 57.89 % compared with the first period. The proposed method of qualimetric transformation of blood biochemical parameters can be used for rapid assessment of the current biochemical status of lactating cows, provided that the influence of one or another feeding factor is adequately analyzed.
The article presents the results of a study comparing the use of an innovative approach to the organization of dairy cow feeding technology in comparison with the traditional one. The growth of the world's population presents livestock producers and scientists with the problem of increasing productivity while reducing feed protein costs. The use of innovative developments of scientists in the practical field allows solving these issues. The implementation of domestic developments in production will contribute to the increase of milk production with a simultaneous decrease in its cost price, which will increase the competitiveness of livestock products produced in Ukraine on the world market. The research was conducted in the southern region of Ukraine in the conditions of the State Enterprise of the Askaniyske Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences on 2 groups of lactating cows in the first third of lactation, 50 cows in each, under untied conditions. The use of an innovative approach to the organization of feeding technology for highly productive dairy cows made it possible to increase the content of undegradable protein in the rumen from 24.3% to 33.4% in the diet. This made it possible not only to increase the milk productivity of cows, but also to improve the quality indicators of milk. It was established that with the use of the TEP-mix additive in the diet of the cows of the experimental group, the daily yield of milk from a cow increased by an average of 0.9 kg (from 27.8 kg to 28.7 kg), and in terms of basic fat content, by 2.6 kg (from 29.6 kg to 32.1 kg). According to the results of the chemical analysis of milk, it was found that the average content of the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk was also higher in the animals of the experimental group compared to the control by 0.20% (3.62% vs. 3.82%) and 0.23%, respectively (3.15% versus 3.38%). According to the results of the comparative multi-criteria analysis, it was noted that the productivity of dairy cows using the proposed method of organizing their feeding technology provides a significant advantage over the experimental version. It was established that for the experimental group the objective function according to the considered criteria is smaller and is 0.0112, while the objective function of the base variant was 6.43 times worse.
The article considers the ways of reducing the formation of greenhouse gases and ammonia in the digestive tract of lactating cows. Reduction of emissions is based on increasing the absorption of nutrients by animals due to the use of our specialized additive that rumen escape proteinand starch protected from disintegration in the rumen. The effect of increasing the absorption of nutrients was confirmed in an experiment on fistula animals. It was found that feeding the developed supplement led to some changes in the digestibility of dietary nutrients. In the rumen, the digestibility of crude protein decreased from 6.52 ± 10.047 % to –15.62 ± 3.047 % and crude fat - from 13.49 ± 10.545 % to 1.33 ± 9.611 %, that indicates an increase in microbial synthesis; and the digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives increased from 73.98 ± 6.995 % to 77.82 ± 8.920 % and from 71.29 ± 5.629 % to 80.71 ± 8.878 %, respectively. Tests of the developed additive under production conditions were also carried out. The productivity of experimental cows directly depended on the level of introduction of the additive TEP-mix to the diet. Along with the increase in milk yield of experimental animals, there was a pronounced trend of increasing fat content and protein content in milk, which indicated a significant improvement in protein and energy nutrition in experimental cows. It was found that during the experiment the milk yield of cows probably increased by 7-137 %. The use of the supplement provided lengthening of the lactation peak plateau and lactation curve from 52 to 61 - 65 days, or 22-25 %. There was also a positive effect of the supplement on the prevention of the syndrome of weight loss of cows; there was a reduction in its losses during the first 100 days of lactation by more than 22-27%. Increasing the nutrient uptake of nutrients by cows provided an equivalent reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions. It was found that when using the additive TEP-mix in feeding lactating cows (feeding 1 kg of additive TEP-mix instead of 1 kg of standard feed) productivity increases by 2.15 kg of milk and reduces emissions of carbon dioxide by 522.54 ± 13.41 g and ammonia per 41 ± 0.13 g per day.
In most of modern protein nutrition systems by determining the protein requirement of animals, it do not emanate from the content of crude and digestible protein in the ration, but from the amount of protein degraded in the small intestine and defined as the sum of degradable and non-degradable protein in the rumen. A new approach to providing protein nutrition to highly productive animals is based on providing the animal body with easily soluble nitrogen compounds of feed protein and non-protein sources of nitrogen, which is provided by proteolysis of microorganisms and feed protein. During growing calves, the inclusion of protein-energy feed additives with different content of protected protein in the composition of complete diets contributes to obtaining the planned indicators of growth intensity and development of young animals, reducing nutrient consumption and has a positive effect on the economics of growing. As a result of the scientific and economic experience, it has been proved that the inclusion of high-protein feed additives with different contents of degradable protein and starch makes it possible to balance the rations of calves with the necessary amount of nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances. The using of a feed additive with a high content of protein non-degradable in the rumen and passing starch in the diet of heifers of the experimental group made it possible to obtain higher rates of live weight gain of animals by 10,1-10,2 % when grown from 3 to 10 months of age with a highly probable difference. Compared with the control group, which indicates a high productive effect of this additive compared to sunflower meal. The implementation of perspective developed protein supplements in the rations of calves during growing helps to reduce the amount of feed consumed per group by 4314.2 UAH during the experiment period, and allows you to receive additional income from the commercial value of the gain of the whole group – UAH 8719 Keywords: heifers, supplement, feeding, live weight gain, protein.
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