Науково-технічний бюлетень ІТ НААН -№121 136 and microbial air pollution in the poultry house and determining the impact of their application on the poultry productive indicators.Proceeding from this, the purpose of scientific experiments was to study the parameters of the microclimate of poultry houses and the chemical bed of hens' litter for the use of cell batteries with various air systems removal.In studies of the chemical composition of litter, depending on the terms of accumulation, a tendency towards a decrease in the total nitrogen content in the litter with an increase in the terms of its accumulation on the belt conveyors has been noted. Thus, during the 7-day period of accumulation of litter in cell batteries with built-in air ducts, the content of total nitrogen in it decreased by 7.5 %, with a modernized drying system of litterby 5.7 %, in cell batteries without ductsby 8.9 %. The content of phosphorus and potassium has changed to a small extent, and these changes were associated mainly with a decrease in the relative proportion of nitrogen.It was established that within 7 days of accumulation of litter on the belt conveyors of cell batteries, the content of ammonia in the air increases by 1. 8-2.8 times, reaching the level of 17.14-17.34 mg/m 3 at the end of this period (in MPC 15 mg/m 3 ), the microbial contamination of the air in the poultry house increases in 1,4-1,9 times (from 309-315 thousand bodies/m 3 to 535-579 thousand bodies/m 3 ), exceeding the whole period of accumulation of MPC (220 thousand mt/m 3 ) in 1,2-2,6 times.It was established that when using cell batteries with built-in air ducts, the bird's safety and productivity were somewhat higher than when using cell batteries without air ducts (p≤0.001). Even higher were the use of cell batteries with a modernized air mixer: higher maintenance by 0,3 %, egg productivity by 1,6 pounds, than with the use of cell batteries with standard air vents.
In a scientific and economic experiment, it was studied the effect of the multifunctional probiotic preparation Bionorm K on the stabilizing digestion process and dairy cow milk productivity-increasing during the transition from one ration composition to another. The probiotic drug Bionorm K is a multi-strain product, which consists of 14 strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus. Moreover, it has a protective shell, which retains the microorganism activity after passing the acid barrier of the cow's abomasum. It was found that the diet probiotic addition is advisable to start from the first day after calving and continues for 45 days in a dose of 5 g per head per day. The experimental group animals outpaced the control animals by the consumption of dry matter of the diet by 2.6 %. At the same time, the likelihood of developing digestive disorders and the incidence of diarrhea is reduced by 2-2.5 times. At the end of the studies, none of the cows suffered from digestive upsets. Besides, cows, which injected the probiotic to the ration, had improved the ruminative processes due to an increase in the frequency of their contractions compared to the control. Already on the fifth day, the number of ruminal contractions at the experimental animals was 12.5% higher than the control. The higher intensity of rumen work at the experimental cows was maintained during the entire time of probiotic addition into the diet, although the difference with the control was constantly decreasing. The feed probiotic addition promotes a gradual increase in milk production by 7.64 % and an increase in the fat level in milk by 0.02 % compared to the control. At the same time, feed costs of 1 kg of milk decreased by 5.6 %. The probiotic stabilizes the biochemical composition of the cow blood quickly and increases the gamma globulin level at blood serum, which indicates an increase in the immune status of cows in the experimental group.
The article presents the results of research on the influence of duration of kneading of udder of springer heifers on further development of mammary gland and future productivity of cows. An important chain of effective dairy farming is the accurate organisation of herd reproduction, preparation of springer heifers for calving and lactation and milking of first calves. It has been determined that during the formation of productivity of dairy animals the first pregnancy has a decisive importance. The specific feature of this physiological state is that complex morphological and functional changes in the reproductive organs happen for the first time in the body, and pregnancy, calving and lactation proceed in the further formation of the animal organism. One of the most significant stressors on the first calving heifer's body is the first birth in combination with machine milking. The inability to overcome the influence of the first milking stress factor is the reason why some first calves are already being eliminated at this phase of the technological chain in commercial milk production. One of the techniques that can reduce the impact of the above mentioned stress factors is udder massage of springer heifers. To study effectiveness of manual massage of udder of springer heifers its duration (from 1 to 4 min.) was tested. There was also studied the effect of different durations of manual massage on the performance of heifers and their morphological traits. The experiment was carried out in SE "Ukrainka Slobodskaya" by IAS NAAS on animals of Ukrainian black-motley dairy breed. For that, five groups were formed with different duration of manual massage (I - 1min, II - 2min, III - 3min, IV - 4min, V - without massage). Massage was started in the 6th month of pregnancy. It was found that kneading of udder of springer heifers compared to no massage increased udder of first calving heifers according to the following measurements: udder girth by 17,4 - 18,7 % (P≤0,05), width 17,9 - 23,7 (P≤0,05), length 15,9 - 20,7 (P≤0,05), depth 16,1 - 20,8 (P≤0,05). It should be noted that using different time of hand massage (groups I-IV) positively shortens the time of litter secretion and increases milk production by 11.7 - 12.3%.
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