According to the existing high-quality evidence, reminder therapy is a valuable strategy and may contribute to the reduction of plaque and gingival indices as well as to the lower occurrence of white spots in patients subjected to orthodontic treatment.

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Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease caused by the underproduction of insulin in the organism and it is considered a risk factor to periodontal disease. Materials and methods:This study performed a cross-sectional research on the main oral changes in patients with DM2 and nondiabetics, in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample included 116 patients examined at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the School of Medicine of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) and 134 nondiabetic patients examined at the Examinations, Triage, and Emergency Sector of the School of Dentistry of UPF. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients over 35-years old, diagnosed with DM2 for more than 2 years. The same criteria were used for the control group, except for the presence of diabetes. Data collected were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0 for Windows™ software and the Chi-square test at 5% significance. This study showed that, overall, oral lesions were more prevalent in diabetic patients. Results:The stomatological manifestations observed more frequently in such patients were pseudomembranous candidiasis, lichen planus, lingual varices, xerostomia, and prosthetic stomatitis (p > 0.001). Conclusion:Therefore, based on the sample investigated, it is concluded that patients with DM2 present higher prevalence of oral lesions when compared with nondiabetics.

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Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática e metanálise para estimar e comparar as prevalências de fluorose dental em localidades brasileiras abastecidas com água tratada sem suplementação de flúor e em localidades que utilizam de água de origem subterrânea. Em dezembro de 2016 foram buscados estudos transversais em 8 bases de dados incluindo a “literatura cinzenta”. As prevalências foram estimadas utilizando modelo misto de efeitos aleatórios considerando as localidades como subgrupo. A heterogeneidade entre os estudos foi avaliada através da estatística I2 e do teste Q de Cochran. Foram encontrados 1.038 registros, dos quais apenas 18 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, sendo submetidos para análise. O modelo metanalítico estimou em 8,92% (IC95%:5,41% até 14,36%) a prevalência de fluorose dental em municípios com água tratada sem suplementação de flúor e em 51,96% (IC95%: 31,03% até 72,22%) em municípios abastecidos por poços artesianos. A heterogeneidade entre os estudos foi alta, I2 = 95% (p < 0,01) no primeiro subgrupo de municípios e I2 = 98% (p < 0,01) no segundo subgrupo. A prevalência foi significativamente maior (p < 0,001) em populações expostas à água de poços artesianos, indicando que a presença de flúor natural em concentrações elevadas representa um fator de risco para a ocorrência de fluorose dental.

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The present study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey on the prevalence rate of oral lesions diagnosed in a referral center in Brazil and to establish association between the lesions and the age and gender of the affected patients. This analytical observational study analyzed 3521 medical records of anatomopathological exams of the Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Laboratory of the Cancer Hospital of the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), from December 2011 to September 2015. A total of 1550 relevant medical records was detected. Patients aging between 41 and 60 consisted of 42.84% of the sample. Males were more affected than females (60.13%). Inflammatory processess consisted of the most prevalent diagnosis (43.29%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6.06%), and periapical granuloma (5.23%). Oral health public policies must give major attention to Brazilian males aged between the fourth and sixth decades of life in order to improve their quality of life.