Objective:To describe the profile of patients with facial trauma admitted in a hospital located in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil. Methods:A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed. A total of 244 cases were in agreement with the eligibility criteria. The variables include the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, etiology, type of trauma, treatment modalities, length of stay in a hospital and quarter of care. Descriptive statistics and Cluster Analysis were performed. Results:The average age of patients was 31.16 years (SD = 15.17 years) and average hospitalization was 6.32 days (SD = 7.75 days). It was verified the automatic formation of four clusters with different profiles of patients. The variables which most contributed to the external differentiation between clusters were: length of stay in a hospital (p <0.001), etiology (p <0.001), type of facial trauma (p <0.001), presence of associated trauma (p <0.001), treatment modalities (p <0.001) and quarter of care (p <0.001). Conclusion:The most of patients were men, victims of traffic accidents, which suffered fracture of zygomatic complex and underwent surgery. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.
Results suggest that road traffic accidents represent the main cause of maxillofacial trauma among children and adolescents. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity.
Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the risk factors for maxillofacial injuries among victims of traffic accidents.
Method:A systematic review of articles published until February 2017 was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers ( = 0.841). The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies.
Results: A total of 2703 records were found, of which only three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, including 422 244 patients. The male/female ratio ranged from 3.4: 1 to 6: 1. All eligible studies performed the multivariate statistical analysis. Eleven risk factors for maxillofacial traumas were identified: victim's gender (P < 0.05), age group (P < 0.05), residence region (P < 0.05), impact characteristics (P < 0.05), increased net change in velocity due to collision (P < 0.05), increase in occupant's height (P < 0.05), nonuse of protective equipment (P < 0.05), type of accident (P < 0.05), time of occurrence (P < 0.05), lesion severity (P < 0.05), and occurrence of concomitant lesions (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:The results suggest that sociodemographic characteristics, as well as those related to the collision patterns and circumstances of traffic accidents, may influence the occurrence of maxillofacial injuries. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity among studies.
The occurrence of facial trauma in terrestrial transport accident victims tends to affect a greater proportion of young and male subjects, and the most prevalent accidents involve motorcycles.
According to the existing high-quality evidence, reminder therapy is a valuable strategy and may contribute to the reduction of plaque and gingival indices as well as to the lower occurrence of white spots in patients subjected to orthodontic treatment.
RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento e as práticas do controle de higiene bucal (HB) em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 41 profissionais de saúde atuantes em UTI por meio da aplicação de questionário composto de dados sociodemográficos e questões sobre a HB de pacientes hospitalizados. Análises estatísticas descritivas e bivariadas, usando o teste exato de Fischer (p<0,05) foram realizadas. A maioria dos profissionais estava na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (n=15; 36,6%), era do sexo feminino (n=37; 90,2%) e técnico (a) de Enfermagem (n=33; 80,5%). A maioria (n=38; 92,68%) respondeu que o hospital no qual trabalhava não possui cirurgião-dentista integrado à equipe, o técnico em enfermagem é o profissional responsável pela HB dos pacientes (n=41; 100%). Poucos profissionais afirmaram que existia protocolo de HB (n=11; 26,8%) e utilizar gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (n=12; 29,3%). Diferença estatisticamente significativa foi observada entre o tipo de hospital e o tipo de substância utilizada para realização da HB (p = 0,020). Evidencia-se a necessidade de desenvolver e ampliar atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão relacionadas à Odontologia Hospitalar nos cursos de Odontologia no Brasil.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou investigar os fatores associados aos desfechos de cura e abandono na população privada de liberdade com tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional e analítico. Realizado com dados oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), de tuberculose da população privada de liberdade nos anos de 2007 a 2016 no estado da Paraíba. Foram incluídas as notificações de indivíduos maiores de 18 anos notificados como “casos novos” e como encerramento por “cura” ou “abandono”. Excluíram-se aqueles que até dezembro de 2016 não tinham a situação de encerramento. Realizaram-se estatísticas bivariada e multivariada, por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Com 614 notificações, a maioria foi do sexo masculino (93,8%). Na análise bivariada, houve associação estaticamente relevante dos desfechos com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (p = 0,044), sorologia para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (p = 0,048) e não realização de baciloscopia de acompanhamento (p = 0,001). Na análise multivariada ajustada, a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (risco relativo - RR = 1,998; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,078 - 3,704; p = 0,028) e a não realização de baciloscopia de acompanhamento (RR = 5,211; IC95% 2,158 - 12,583; p < 0,001*) permaneceram significativamente associadas ao desfecho de abandono. Conclusão: Os desfechos de cura e abandono estão associados principalmente com a realização ou não da baciloscopia de acompanhamento e com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida.
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