Pattern of oral‐maxillofacial trauma from violence against women and its associated factors

Nóbrega, Lorena Marques da; Bernardino, Ítalo de Macedo; Barbosa, Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega; Silva, Jéssica Antoniana Lira e; Massoni, Andreza Cristina de Lima Targino; Cavalcanti, Silvana Maria de Morais

doi:10.1111/edt.12327

Cited by 34 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a public health problem that has persisted over the years, despite many actions being taken to minimize its consequences . Physical aggressions have been identified as the most common forms of violence, and studies have increasingly reported high rates of oral and maxillofacial injuries among victims . Among anatomical sites, face corresponds to one of the main targets of aggressors, as it represents the locus of singularity and the identity of the human person, has high aesthetic value and plays a significant role during interpersonal interactions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Violence continues to be a serious public health problem in different regions of the world due to reflections on health indicators, influence on the daily lives of individuals and the constant presence of victims in health services. [1][2][3][4][5][6] According to data from the World Health Organization, 1.4 million people lose their lives annually and many others sustain non-fatal injuries resulting from episodes of violence. 3 In this way, violence places a heavy burden on national economies, costs billions of dollars a year in health, law enforcement and loss of productivity, which could be avoided and have its contextual and situational factors modified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Physical aggressions have been identified as the most common forms of violence, and studies have increasingly reported high rates of oral and maxillofacial injuries among victims. 5,10,11 Among anatomical sites, face corresponds to one of the main targets of aggressors, as it represents the locus of singularity and the identity of the human person, has high aesthetic value and plays a significant role during interpersonal interactions. 4,5,12,13 Maxillofacial injuries can significantly impact the quality of life of the victim in a three-dimensional perspective (organic, functional and aesthetic), being frequently associated with disfigurement, functional impairment, severe morbidity and high costs for health services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,10,11 Among anatomical sites, face corresponds to one of the main targets of aggressors, as it represents the locus of singularity and the identity of the human person, has high aesthetic value and plays a significant role during interpersonal interactions. 4,5,12,13 Maxillofacial injuries can significantly impact the quality of life of the victim in a three-dimensional perspective (organic, functional and aesthetic), being frequently associated with disfigurement, functional impairment, severe morbidity and high costs for health services. 10,11,[14][15][16][17] In addition, a statistically significant association between exposure to childhood violence and poor oral health conditions in adulthood has been observed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas

Bernardino

Nóbrega

Silva

et al. 2018

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Objectives To investigate the spatial and spatial‐temporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence, as well as to identify underlying disparities at regional level through a geostatistical approach. Methods This was a historical ecological cohort study of trauma cases caused by urban violence using aggregate data from victims assisted in a Brazilian medical‐forensic service between January 2012 and December 2015. The longitudinal patterns of change observed in each geographic area (neighbourhoods) were evaluated using the finite mixture model (FMM). The spatial autocorrelation of events was investigated using the Getis‐Ord Indicator (Gi*) to identify significant hot and cold spatial clusters. With a spatial regression model, it was also found when socioeconomic variables, residential infrastructure and neighbourhood infrastructure were associated with high incidence rates. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results The finite mixture model revealed three different patterns of longitudinal trajectory of the incidence of oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by urban violence (TP1 to TP3, P < 0.05). TP1 was characterized by an incidence that remained stable and high over time, comprising 17.4% of the city's neighbourhoods. In TP2, it was observed that the incidence was moderate, with a slightly increasing trend in the last year evaluated, representing around 41.8% of the sample. In contrast, in TP3, it was found that the incidence was relatively low and remained stable over time, accounting for about 40.8% of the sample. The Getis‐Ord (Gi*) statistic identified significant high‐risk clusters in the western (P < 0.05), southern (P < 0.05), and eastern regions (P < 0.05) and low risk in the northern region (P < 0.05). The spatial regression model indicated significant association between areas with unfavourable socioeconomic conditions and higher incidence of events (β = 0.178, SE = 0.046, P < 0.001). Conclusions Clusters demarcating areas with high socio‐spatial vulnerability for urban violence and oral and maxillofacial injuries were identified. The findings highlight the need to improve living conditions in segregated urban areas and develop intersectoral actions to improve living conditions, employment, public safety, social support, health care and prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas

Bernardino

Nóbrega

Silva

et al. 2018

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Patterns and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in women

Diab

Moore

2022

Oral Maxillofac Surg

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Purpose Facial trauma in women is complex with physical, psychosocial, and cultural influences impacting clinical presentations. Although multifactorial, assaults and falls are principally reported as the main causes. Methods A retrospective review was conducted from January 2012 to January 2017 at the Women and Children’s Hospital and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide. All maxillofacial fractures in women that attended or were referred to the unit were included in this study. The primary objective was to analyse epidemiological trends of facial fractures and clinical outcomes in the South Australian female population. Results There is a bimodal distribution of facial fractures at 25–35 years and 65 + years. Indigenous females were 19.5 years younger than non-indigenous females (30.5 vs 49.9, P < 0.001). Approximately half the cohort had a fall-related facial fracture, followed by assault (26.2%), and sports (10.3%). There was a higher proportion of non-alcohol-related trauma from assaults than alcohol-related assaults (72.5% vs 27.5%, P < 0.001). Over half (58.0%) of the cohort had a midface fracture. The elderly had increased odds of 1.9 fold for facial fractures in winter, largely from falls, compared to younger women. Associated injuries were present in almost half the elderly women with 2.6 times the risk compared to younger women. Younger women had higher incidences of surgical intervention (52.6% vs 14.3%, P < 0.05). Conclusions Young women disproportionately experience larger incidences of non-alcohol-related assaults requiring operative intervention of the mandible, whereas elderly women principally suffer fall-related facial fractures with higher rates of associated injuries.

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Did physical aggression in women increase during the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? A perspective of facial trauma

Araújo

Souza

Coelho

et al. 2022

Oral Maxillofac Surg

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Purpose The present study aimed to assess whether there was an increase in physical aggression in women treated in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, through the mandatory quarantine. Methods Data from a cross-sectional study were collected and analyzed, from March 1 to December 31, 2020. Additionally, data from the same period the previous year were collected for comparison. Results Of the etiologies reviewed for 2020, physical aggression had the highest percentage increase (+ 4.9%) and was the only etiology that showed a significant difference ( p = 0.045). The mean age of the included patients was 34.05 years in 2019 and 33.97 in 2020, and most of the women had facial fractures, with nasal fractures being the most frequent, followed by jaw fractures. There was a significant increase ( p = 0.34) in the conservative treatment of fractures from 2019 (48.6%) to 2020 (71.7%) and a minor ( p = 0.088) increase in aggression toward intimate partners (2019, 40.9%; 2020, 63.9%). Conclusion Physical aggression against women increased during the period of mandatory social isolation that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals, including emergency services professionals, must be trained to identify victims and refer them to specialized care.

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Pattern of oral‐maxillofacial trauma from violence against women and its associated factors

Abstract: The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was high, and the main associated factors were place of residence and mechanism of aggression.

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas

Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas

Patterns and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in women

Did physical aggression in women increase during the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? A perspective of facial trauma

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