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The properties and conditions of Jabrication of spinning solutions based on polyvinyl alcohol containing the enzvme plvtease C, a high-molecular-weight antimicrobial, polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, and modifvhzg additives of difJerent kinds --the polysaccharide sodium alginate and sodium tetraborate, were investigated. A correlation was established between the proteolytic activity of the film materials, degree of swelling, and composition of the spinning solutions used to prepare them.An important direction in the chemistry and technology of the fabrication and use of polymers in medicine is the creation of a new generation of dressings with special properties defined by their application. As a function of the wound etiology and individual course of the wound process, polymeric coatings which have both a high and a low level of sorptivity, are biodegradable, and on the contrary, stable in vivo, simply isolate the wound from the outside, and also have a medicinal action, are required [I ]. Polymeric materials with therapeutic properties, in particular, enzymatic and antimicrobial actions, are considered the most promising, The problem of fabricating such materials can be solved by combined immobilization ofa proteolytic enzyme and an antimicrobial in the structure of the polymeric material. In our previous studies [2], we showed that selection of both the method of immobilization and the polymer systems allows regulating the level of biological activity and stability of the materials obtained. For fabricating polyfunctional biologically active materials, we used the method of incorporating a proteolytic enzyme, Terrilytin, or protease C (Pr), and a high-molecular-weight antimicrobial, polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG), in the structure ofa polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film [3].The use of modifying additives of different kinds which not only affect the properties of biologically active substances but also the structure of the polymer matrix provides extensive possibilities for regulating the properties of enzyme-containing film materials [2]. A polysaccharide containing ionogenic groups, sodium alginate (Alg), and a cross-linking reagent, sodium tetraborate, Na2B4OT, were used as the modifying reagents.In fabricating film coatings containing biologically active substances of different natures and modifying additives, it is extremely important to assess the possibility of fabricating kinetically stable spinning solutions which retain the necessary level of biological properties. Since polyelectrolytes from different classes (Pr --a polyampholyte, Alg --a polyacid sodium salt, PHMG--a polybase) were the components of the spinning composite, the characteristics of their reaction in aqueous solution and the properties of the enzyme were investigated first to determine the conditions of fabrication of the spinning composites: concentration limits, order of addition of components, duration of storage of solutions.The change in the viscosity and in some cases phase separation of the reaction mixture ob...

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An analysis of the experimental data and their comparison with previously published [3] results led to the following conclusions: the rate of interpolymer reactions (IPR) involving lysozyme (LYS) and cellulose graft copolymer containing strongly acid groups (sulfo groups) is much lower than the rate of the reaction betweenChemical addition of enzymes to polymers containing ionizable groups makes it possible to create biologically active materials [1, 2]. The systematic study of the characteristics of the interpolymer reaction (IPR) involving water-insoluble graft copolymers of cellulose containing different ionizable groups (carboxyl, carboxylate, quaternary ammonium), and polyampholytes of enzymes allow determining methods for directed regulation of the composition and properties of the materials obtained [1][2][3]. In our previous studies [2, 3], we showed that the composition and properties of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) formed with a polyanion and enzyme grafted to cellulose are a function of the degree of association of the enzyme macromolecule in solution, the structure of the graft chains, and the conditions of conducting the IPR.We investigated the characteristics of immobilization of two enzymes differing by the degree of association of the macromolecules in solution [3]: the proteolytic enzyme trypsin (TR) and the bacteriolytic enzyme lysozyme (LYS), on modified cellulose fibre materials containing sulfo groups of different structure --graft copolymer of cellulose and polystyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (C-gr-PSSA) and cellulose modified by graft polymerization of styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide [C-gr-(co-SSA--MBAA)]. Both cellulose graft copolymers were prepared by the radiochemical method in [4]. The ion-exchange capacity of these materials was 0.25 mmole/g.In immobilization of TR and LYS on modified cellulose fibre materials (CFM), the concentration C of protein in the solution and duration r of the process were varied. Enzyme-containing CFM were prepared in two versions. The first (periodic) version consisted of treating modified CFM with a solution of the enzyme in 0.05 M phosphate buffer with pH of 8.0 at 4~ bath modulus of 10, for different times, washing with the buffer, and drying at 20~ In the other version (continuous), the modified CFM was impregnated with a solution of the enzyme for 3 sec, squeezed out (85 % degree of wringing), kept damp for different times at 4~ washed with buffer, and dried at 20~ Preliminary experiments showed that TR and LYS are totally removed in washing the unmodified CFM treated with solutions of enzymes in the above conditions with buffer. To characterize the enzyme-containing CFM obtained, the following were determined: the amount of chemically bound protein by the method in [5] (by the difference between the amount of protein added to the reaction and the amount detected in the washing waters); proteolytic activity with respect to a highmolecular-weight substrate --casein by the method in [6]; bacteriolytic activity with r...