In the course of studying the impact of metal compounds on the functioning of the endocrine system and adaptation systems in children living in chronic low-level multi-environmental (atmospheric air, drinking water) effects of a complex of metals, the elevated content of lead, manganese, nickel, cadmium and chromium was established to be 1.5 - 9.4 times higher than the reference level and 1.3 - 2.2 times than indices of the comparison group). In this contingent, disorders of the physical development and malnutrition (ICD: E44-46) were detected by 1.2 - 1.7 times more often than in conditions of sanitary and hygienic well-being. In the course of the analysis of the effectiveness of methods of correction in children of physical development disorders and malnutrition (E44-46) associated with the effects of metals, there was shown the high efficiency of the complex application of elimination, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant and nootropic technologies, with methods of physiotherapy (Ultrasound therapy, inductothermy) and exercise therapy. With comparable economic costs with traditional approaches, the proposed correction technologies demonstrate a significant benefit (up to 3.3 times) for the economy of the country and the region. The prevented losses for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the observation group are 13246.0 rubles per person per year (2.25 rubles per 1 ruble of costs, in contrast to 0.7 rubles when using standard methods).
Introduction. The modern educational process is characterized by an increase in the educational load, the use of teaching aids, which are not provided for in the regulatory and methodological documents. Violation of the hygienic principles of organizing the education of children at school is the basis for the development of somatic pathology. The aim of the study: hygienic assessment of the educational process in schools with various training programs. Materials and methods. The subject of the research is the organization of the educational process of the first, second and third levels of education in schools with in-depth study of the subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle (Secondary School of Physics and Mathematics) and a typical Secondary School. The questionnaire contained questions for the evaluation of the educational process on the factors “Complexity”, “Time”, “Additional load”. A comparative assessment of the compliance of the educational process in the secondary school of the FMC and the secondary school with the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPiN) 2.4.2.2821-10 was carried out. Results. In secondary school of Physics and Mathematics, the intensity index of the load by the factor “Difficulty” was 1.8 times more and the ration of students with a high intensity of the educational process by the factor “Time” exceeded by 3 times if compared to the secondary school, and. Every fourth school student of specialized classes attended 2-3 additional education institutions. The shortage of training rooms reached 32%. Established violations in the organization of changes and breaks between shifts, load distribution during the week. The total weekly educational load at the first level of education exceeded the standard values by 20%. The total weekly workload during training at the second and third levels of education in secondary school Physics and Mathematics exceeded indices of secondary school by 1.3-1.4 times. Discussion. When introducing new specialized programs, the actual organization of the educational process does not meet sanitary requirements, which can lead to fatigue and the development of profound and lasting changes in the body of schoolchildren. Conclusion. In the school with in-depth study of subjects, the educational process is more intense. As part of the control and supervision activities in general education organizations of the innovative type, it is necessary to pay special attention to meeting the requirements of section X of Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10).
The article presents the study results conducted to study the level and structure of children morbidity of preschool age living in the territories in zone of influence enterprises for metallurgical alumina production. We obtained data indicating the formation of residential areas where the multiplicity exceeding of MPCad on aluminum, formaldehyde, fluoride compounds, phenol, benzo (a) pyrene, suspended matter in atmospheric air is 1.16-43.6 times and on aluminum, nickel and manganese in drinking water is 1.25-42.2 times. We found that the content of chemical compounds (aluminum, manganese, chromium, nickel, phenol, formaldehyde, and ion fluoride) in the biological media of children of the observation groups was up to 4.2 times higher than those of the children of the comparison group. The morbidity of respiratory diseases, diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs and disorders involving the immune mechanism, diseases of digestive, musculoskeletal and nervous systems in children living in the area of anthropogenic influences, up to 8.0 times higher than those of children living in the territory in the absence of enterprises influence. We proved the dependence of the registration frequency of the revealed pathology on the concentration in biomedia of chemicals (aluminum, copper, manganese, chromium, nickel, phenol, formaldehyde and ion fluoride), tropic to the organs of the respiratory, digestive, nervous and musculoskeletal systems.
Introduction. Training in the cadet corps involves an increase in physical activity against a background of high informatization, which affects the autonomic nervous system’s functional capabilities and adaptation to stress. Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 74 male students of the Cadet Corps (CC). The comparison group consisted of 26 boys aged 10-13 years who studied in a public secondary school (PSS). To evaluate the mode of physical activity, nutritional status, fitness, physical performance the authors performed bioimpedance analysis of body composition. The assessment of the vegetative status was carried out on the basis of the results of cardiointervalography with an active clinoorthostatic test. Results. Analysis of the personal data showed a great commitment to sports among the CC students. Cadets showed significantly higher values of the phase angle, active cellular and musculoskeletal mass, basic and specific metabolism. When recording cardiointervalography of rest in children of the observation group relative to the comparison group, statistically significant differences were revealed between the values of SDNN, RMSSD, variation range, vegetative balance index, rhythm vegetative index of physical exertion by 1.2-1.6 times. In 71.2% of cadets, the power of the heart rate variability spectrum corresponded to a high level. In children from the observation group, the initial vagotonia was recorded 2.2 times more often, and hypersympathicotonia - 7.0 times less often than in the comparison group. In the structure of autonomic reactivity in cadets, the hypersympathicotonic variant prevailed. Conclusion. The results of the analysis of the component composition of the body indicate sufficient fitness, physical activity and physical working capacity in CC students. The vegetative status of cadets is characterized by the predominance of the parasympathetic influence in the regulation of the heart rate. The hypersympathicotonic variant of autonomic reactivity indicates the exertion of adaptation processes to stress.
Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the high significance of school anxiety in the formation of psychosomatic diseases and nervous disorders. Identification of risk factors for increased anxiety, one of which is low physical activity, is important for the timely organizing of preventive measures.The aim: to assess the characteristics of physical activity and school anxiety among schoolboys of secondary school and the cadet corps.Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 47 schoolboys studying in a secondary general school at the age of 13–16; the comparison group consisted of 140 schoolboys of the cadet corps. The comparative assessment of physical activity bases on the analysis of the physical education implementation in educational organizations and the results of a survey according to the author’s questionnaire. A comparison was made of the parameters of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) of body composition, the content of cortisol and serotonin in the blood serum, and indicators of the Phillips school anxiety test.The results. Physical activity in the school system was limited to 3 hours per week, and in the additional education system there are only 14.9 % of schoolboys who devote 6–8 hours a week to sports, which is 3 times less than in the comparison group (46.4 %). Lower values of indicators of physical activity and body composition were found in secondary school boys relative to those in cadet corps (p = 0.015–0.038). The level of cortisol in the blood serum was 1.4 times higher, and the serotonin was 1.2 times less in schoolboys of the schools comparatively to cadets (p = 0.001–0.037). In secondary school schoolboys, relative to cadets, significantly 1.9–3.9 times more often increased values were recorded for the factor general anxiety at school, frustration of the need to achieve success, fear of self-expression, fear of the situation of testing knowledge, fear of not meeting the expectations of others, problems and fears in relations with teachers and general anxiety oppositely directed correlations of weak and moderate strength were established between the frequency and duration of physical education, BIA parameters, cortisol in the blood serum and factors of school anxiety.Conclusion. The values of the factors of school anxiety schoolboys of secondary general school are higher than in boys of the cadet corps and possibly they are associated with irregularity, relatively low duration of physical activity and the degree of development of metabolically active tissues.
Introduction. High loads, intensification of education, characterize the modern educational process and contribute to the negative dynamics of the health indices of modern schoolchildren. The aim of the study is to investigate the features of the autonomous and thyroid status of schoolchildren exposed to the different intensity of the educational process. Material and methods. The objects of the study were schoolchildren with the different intensity of the educational process, students of schools. Hygienic evaluation of the educational process was carried out taking into account the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Norms 2.4.2.2821-10. The data analysis of the survey, laboratory studies, electrocardiography, cardiointervalography and ultrasound scanning of the thyroid gland was performed. Results. The reduction of the duration of small changes, the excess of the volume of daily and weekly academic load up to 20.0% with a comparative hygienic assessment of the educational process regimes, in schools with an in-depth study of the subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle. Characterized by a large expenditure of time on homework, shorter sleep, high involvement in the additional educational process for students of specialized schools. Arrhythmias were by 1.7 times more common in students of the physical and mathematical school. Relative risk increased by 4.6 times. The activity of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system was found to be elevated in 50% of schoolchildren enrolled in an in-depth program. Violations of the volume and structure of the thyroid gland occurred up to 2.6 times more often. The relative risk of activating the synthesis of antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase was higher by 5.7 times. Relationships are established between the blood level of cortisol and the frequency of registration of arrhythmias, the degree of activation of antibody production, the parameters of the thyroid gland. Discussion. The obtained data are consistent with the results of domestic studies and can serve as the basis for expanding the list of studies during preventive medical examinations of minors. Conclusion. In educational institutions with in-depth study of the subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle, the educational process is more intensive, which leads to the activation of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, an increase in the risk of developing autonomic dysfunctions, arrhythmias, and thyroid status disorders.
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