This study aimed to determine the characteristics of biochar, compost, and poschar from livestock manure waste and its effect on the yield of red chili plants. Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nested patterns was used in this study. The treatment composition consisted of 9 types of fertilizer (cow compost, goat compost, chicken compost, beef biochar, goat biochar, chicken biochar, beef poschar, goat poschar, and chicken poschar), and 3 levels of fertilizer doses (5, 10, and 15-ton ha -1 ) and one control treatment. The results showed that the type of fertilizer treatment did not significantly influence all observed variables, except the maximum plant height and fresh weight of shoot had a very significant effect. While the dose of fertilizer did not have a significant effect on most of the variables observed except for the height of the chili plant, the weight of the fresh stem and leaves, and the weight of the fresh chili harvested. In various types of fertilizer treatments, the maximum plant height obtained in chicken biochar (111.53 cm), which shows a slight difference when it was compared with the lowest plant height of 99.58 cm in biochar goat. The treatment of compost, biochar, and poschar sourced from 15 tons ha -1 chicken manure achieved the highest yields of fresh weight of chili harvested respectively 266.06 g, 270.95 g, and 280.05 g which were significantly increased 39.16%, 41.72%, and 46.48% compared with control (without treatments).

No abstract

Introduction: Bali, as an international tourist destination, is still experiencing problems in waste management. Suwung Landfill, Denpasar, is one of the landfills for waste originating from the Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan (Sarbagita) areas. Methods: This research was an experimental study, by watering eco-enzymes on garbage heaps and examining changes in leachate parameters. Watering was carried out daily at a dose of 1 L of eco-enzyme dissolved in 1000 L of water and used for watering a garbage pile of 1 ha. The area of piles of garbage watered with eco-enzymes reaches 5 ha. Measured leachate parameters include pH, BOD, COD, TSS, N, cadmium, and mercury. Results and Discussion: Eco-enzymes have the potential to become activators or decomposers in waste composting. The evidence is that eco-enzyme watering causes the average leachate temperature to range from 36.63 to 40.370C, where the increase in leachate temperature occurs due to the rise in the temperature of the garbage pile. An increase in temperature characterizes the activity of microbes increases, so the decomposition process becomes rapid. Conclusion: Eco-enzyme spraying leads to a characteristic change in the form of an increase in the value of leachate parameters. The increase in temperature value, pH, BOD, COD, and N content of leachate indicates that environmentally friendly enzymes accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. The rapid decomposition process causes the total suspended density of leachate to increase.

This study aims to determine the number of nutrients given in feed for Bali cows in different seasons. The study used a survey method through observations on 27 livestock groups in Bali by measuring the amount of feed given, diversity of feed ingredients, and sampling of feed ingredients for analysis. Measurements were made on three season (the rainy, mid-dry, and the peak of the dry-season). The results showed a decrease in the type and diversity of feed ingredients in the ration, while the amount of ration given (kg/day of fresh weight) was almost the same (33.17 kg, 33.15 kg and 32.82 kg). The total protein available in the ration was decreased in the rations given, namely: 706.52 g (rainy season), 648.65 g (mid-dry season), and 611.37 g (peak dry season). While the total energy tends to increase according to successive seasonal changes: 12,650.7 kcal ME, 13,820.18 kcal ME, and 13,974.21 kcal ME. From this study, it can be concluded that although there is a decrease in the type and diversity of feed ingredients in the rations given to Bali-cows according to the season in Bali, but the amount of protein and energy above the basic livelihood needs of livestock.

Red chili is one of the commodity crops grown in Indonesia. One of the factors that affect the production of red chili plants is fertilization. The application of organic fertilizer affects the yield and growth of red chili plants. This study aims to determine the response of the growth and development of red chili plants to the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers combined with biochar. This study was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Local Waste Processing Site in Kusamba Village, Klungkung Regency, and the Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture Warmadewa University from March to November 2021. Soil and fertilizer testing were carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Udayana University. The study used an experimental method, the experimental design used was a one-factor randomized block design with 4 replications/block. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight harvested per hectare. Based on the data obtained, the type of fertilizer treatment had a very significant effect on all observed variables except for plant height at 21 DAP per plant, the number of leaves at 21 DAP per plant, and the number of leaves at 28 DAP per plant had a significant effect on the treatment given. The application of NPK fertilizer gave the best results on all parameters except for the stem diameter parameter. On the stem diameter parameter, the application of asri nature fertilizers gives the best result. Control treatment (without fertilizer) gave the lowest yield in all observations.

One strategy for the Bali provincial government to produce organic fertilizer to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in the agricultural system in Bali through the formation of groups "Simantri". The purpose of this study to determine the effectiveness of the group in support of government programs in the province of Bali in the supply of organic fertilizer and biourine from cattle manure in the group "Simantri". Retrieving data using a survey method and observation in three regencies in Bali namely: Tabanan, Buleleng, and Karangasem. In every district taken three groups of cattle are "purposive sampling" on each different altitude are lowlands, plains, and plateaus so that the number of groups of as many as 27 groups of cattle. The results showed 66.49% herd to process cow manure into organic fertilizer and biourine, and the highest percentage (70.07%) in the lowlands. In the process of fermentation into fertilizer, the majority (45.50%) using EM4 as fermenters and averaging 66.49% said the results are good. Organic fertilizer produced by the group in addition to increasing the income of the group, and the majority (71.78%) use it in their farm system and can be beneficial to farmers. From this study, it can be concluded that the Bali provincial government's efforts in developing organic agricultural products through the establishment of herd program "Simantri" very effective.

The Provincial Government of Bali continues to encourage community farmers to form livestock groups, especially cows through the Integrated Agricultural System (“Simantri”) program since 2009/2010 which is now known as the Integrated Agricultural System (Sipadu). In addition to the program, livestock groups are also formed independently by breeders spread across Bali, one of which is the “Bhakti Pertiwi” livestock group in Belimbing Village, Pupuan-Tabanan which was only formed in 2021. Assistance in empowering its resources is the management of raising cattle and strategies for providing the animal feed. The problem faced by groups and group members is the lack of knowledge in livestock management, especially in the provision of animal feed. Farmers do not yet know which feed ingredients (grass and nuts) are good to give to livestock. As an agricultural area for rice fields and plantations, it produces a lot of agricultural waste in the form of rice straw and plantation waste in the form of coffee husks which still have potential as animal feed. Therefore, in this PKM, besides being given counseling on cattle rearing management, training is also given on the use of several types of agricultural waste as animal feed ingredients through the fermentation process. The result of this activity is that there has been a change in the behavior of group members, namely a change in knowledge about the types of feed ingredients that are good for the livestock. In changing the skills of farmers through the direct practice of how to make fermented feed, it is hoped that it can encourage farmers to utilize agricultural waste, especially rice straw as feed ingredients that can be stored. Therefore, the next group assistance activity is to monitor changes in farmers' attitudes towards the material that has been given.

Increased livestock productivity is largely determined by the availability of sufficient forage. Good forage is determined by digestibility, which is related to physical quality. This study aims to determine the physical quality of several types of grass planted with Arachis legumes and the provision of organic fertilizer. This study used a Randomized Block Design with a factorial pattern consisting of 3 types of grass planted with Arachis legumes (factor A) and fertilizing 2 types of solid and liquid organic fertilizer (factor B) with 3 replications. The treatment combinations are: R1C (Paspalum notatum with Arachis pintoi+Compost), R1B (Paspalum notatum with Arachis pintoi+Biourine), R2C (Paspalum conyugatum with Arachis pintoi + Compost), R2B (Paspalum conyugatum with Arachis pintoi +Biourine), R3C (Axonopus compresus with Arachis pintoi+Compost), R3B (Axonopus compresus with Arachis pintoi+Biourine). The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) both in the mixture of some grass plants with Arachis pintoi and the provision of organic fertilizer on the physical quality of forage. In planting a mixture of Axonopus comprsus grass with Arachis pintoi showed average dry matter (DM), water regain capacity (WRC), and water solubility (WS). Whereas compost gets higher average values than biourine for dry matter, WRC and WS. The combination of mixed planting and fertilizing, compost showed the highest average, especially water solubility (WS). From this research it can be concluded planting a mixture of grass and legumes fed with compost on average is better for the physical quality of the grass, but not significantly different (P>0.05) from all treatments.