The subject of the study is the factors of businessorganization development. The purpose was to form a methodological approach to the analysis of business-organization development factors at various stages of its life cycle. The article systematizes the problem of business-organization development at various stages of its life cycle. As a result of the research, the following tasks were solved: the necessity of studying the development of a business-organization at various stages of its life cycle was considered and substantiated; the essence of factors influencing the development of a business-organization was revealed; a methodical approach to evaluation of a businessorganization development was proposed; an algorithm for calculating the index of a business-organization development was proposed. In the article, it is proposed to consider factors influencing the development of a business-organization at the stages of its life cycle. The proposed methodological approach to the analysis of development factors makes it possible to reflect the state and prospects of a business-organization functioning; to estimate efficiency of a business-organization depending on the stage of development under the influence of the factors: financial resources, economic security of the enterprise, external and internal relations, image of the enterprise, development resources. The advantages of such methodical approach are the possibility to take into account the peculiarities of development of business-organizations at different stages of their life cycle.
стратегии дорожные карты -распространен ный инструмент разработки долгосрочных стратегий, определяющий опти маль -ные пути достижения цели. Применя-ется он и в поиско вых исследованиях, не имеющих заданных ориентиров и оценивающих потенциальные направ-ления развития изучаемой области. В статье демонстрируются возмож-но сти поисковых дорожных карт на примере анализа связей между клю-чевыми параметрами долгосрочно го развития соци ально-экономиче ской, науч но-технологической и инноваци-онной сфер.1 Работа выполнена в рамках проекта «Исследование взаимосвязей важнейших параметров социально-экономического, научно-технологического и инноваци-онного развития на период до 2030 года» (госконтракт № 13.511.11.1001 Министерства образования и науки РФ). М етод дорожных карт -один из наиболее рас-пространенных инструментов формирования стратегий развития. Он позволяет визуализи-ровать возможные пути достижения цели и выделить из них оптимальный. Карты могут содержать вероят-ностные оценки времени, требуемого для перехода от одного этапа к другому. В Форсайт-исследованиях они часто используются при разработке сценариев, отобра-жая причинно-следственные связи и наглядно иллю-стрируя пошаговые изменения определенной сферы, технологии, продукта или их состояние на достигну-том временном отрезке.Технологические дорожные карты выполняют две взаимосвязанные функции: прогнозную и планирую-щую. Первая отражает состояние изучаемого объекта в определенный момент времени, характер, скорость и направление его потенциальной эволюции. Вторая связана с применением графической визуализации для выбора будущего вектора и обоснованием решения в пользу тех или иных вариантов действий.В отличие от иных традиционных способов пред-ставления сценариев, таких как диаграммы Ганта, планы, программы и др., которые, как правило, огра-ничиваются планирующей составляющей, дорожные карты сочетают обе эти компоненты, позволяя выра-ботать стратегию развития.«Картирование технологий» в Форсайт-проектах ча-ще всего выполняет нормативную роль. Исходной точ-кой для построения дорожной карты служит заданная картина состояния объекта в будущем с конкретными целевыми показателями, а конечным пунктом -теку-щий момент времени.Вместе с тем, дорожные карты могут служить и для построения поисковых прогнозов, например, при раз-работке сценариев [Лидин, 2006], когда итоговое пред-ставление об объекте исследования или его варианты выступают результатом построения карты. Поисковое картирование целесообразно в тех случаях, когда пер-спективы изучаемого объекта неопределенны (на его конечное состояние способен повлиять широкий спектр факторов) и требуется выработка согласован-ной стратегии достижения целей с учетом различных альтернативных сценариев. Остановимся подробнее на различных аспектах применения поисковых карт. Формирование поисковой дорожной картыПрименение метода дорожного картирования в каче-стве инструмента поисковых прогнозов требует его адаптации, поскольку конкретные варианты будущего, на основе которых обычно строятся дорожные карты, изначально не определены...
One of the most pressing issues has always been the question of the cost of medical care. The article shows that different periods of history were characterized by different costs of medical care. The history of the ancient world and the Middle Ages was characterized by both free medicine and paid in the form of products or material values. It was shown how Russian healthcare system and the formation of the cost of medical services are reflected in different periods of history. It has been noted that the need of all social strata and rulers for medical services since ancient times has turned medical service into an important component of society’s life. Therefore, medicine inevitably interacted with various social spheres. Throughout history, this relationship has depended on many factors. Many patients believe that medical care should be free, some argue that free care is ineffective, and that is why it is necessary to introduce paid medicine. It has been revealed that so far the balance between paid and free medicine in the world has not been reached.
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases play a leading role in the structure of morbidity and mortality in the economically developed countries. It is known that 80% of the deaths of the working-age population are male. At the same time, gender differences in the occurrence of cardiovascular pathology began to be studied relatively recently. It should be noted that the largest population-based study on the identification of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among Russian citizens ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation, 2012-2013) did not assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Crimea.The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among the male population of the Republic of Crimea. An online survey was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire to identify cardiovascular risk factors. The study interviewed 491 men living in the Republic of Crimea, aged 30-59 years, from November to December 2018.It was found that among the male population of the Republic of Crimea, both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are widespread. The most common cardiovascular risk factors were overweight and obesity (60.5%; 95% CI: 56.1; 64.8), physical inactivity (59.5%; 95% CI: 55.1; 63.8), smoking (53.2%; 95% CI: 48.7; 57.6) and unhealthy diet. In addition to traditional factors, it was found that new cardiovascular risk factors are also common among respondents.The study indicates that cardiovascular risk factors are widespread among the Crimean male population.
Введение. Хронический полипозный риносинусит является многофакторным воспалительным заболеванием носа и околоносовых пазух, которое характеризуется ремоделированием слизистой оболочки и образованием полипов. Для ТН-2 типа хронического полипозного риносинусита характерно неконтролируемое течение. Применение стандартных схем терапии (интраназальные глюкокортикостероиды, курсы системных глюкокортикостероидов, хирургические методы лечения) в большинстве случаев неэффективно. В связи с этим активно внедряется биологическая таргетная терапия хронического полипозного риносинусита, воздействующая на определенные звенья патогенеза. Цель. Оценить эффективность применения ингибиторов рецепторов IL-4 и IL-13 в терапии хронического полипозного риносинусита TH-2 типа в течение 12 месяцев. Материалы и методы. В исследовании проводилась оценка эффективности применения ингибитора IL-4 и IL-13 в течение 12 месяцев. Исследование проводилось на базе больницы им. Петра Великого ФГБОУ ВО «СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова». В исследовании приняли участие 12 пациентов клиники с ТН-2 типом хронического полипозного риносинусита. Результаты. На фоне проводимого лечения к 3-му месяцу терапии отмечалось увеличение воздушности околоносовых пазух, полипы в полости носа не определялись, пациенты не предъявляли жалоб на снижение обоняния. К 12-му месяцу лечения околоносовые пазухи по результатам КТ воздушны, пациенты жалоб не предъявляли. Выводы. Тщательный отбор пациентов позволил добиться достоверного улучшения состояния пациентов с хроническим полипозным риносинуситом, проходящих лечение ингибитором рецепторов IL-4/ IL-13. Introduction. Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses characterized by mucosal remodeling and polyp formation. Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis of TH-2 type is characterized by an uncontrolled course. The use of standard therapy regimens (intranasal glucocorticosteroids, courses of systemic glucocorticosteroids, and surgical methods of treatment) is ineffective in most cases. In this regard, biological targeted therapy for CPRS, affecting certain pathogenesis links, is being actively introduced. Purpose. To estimate the effectiveness of using IL-4/IL-13 receptor inhibitors in the treatment of TH-2 type chronic polypous rhinosinusitis for 12 months. Materials and methods. In our study, the effectiveness of the use of IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor was evaluated for 12 months. The study was conducted at the Clinic named after Peter the Great of FGBOU VO North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. The study involved 12 clinic patients with TH-2 type of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis. Results. Against the background of the ongoing treatment, the third month of therapy, an increase in the airiness of the paranasal sinuses was observed, nasal polyps were not detected, and the patients did not complain of decreased sense of smell. By the twelfth month of treatment, the paranasal sinuses were airy according to CT scan results, and the patients had no complaints. Conclusions. A careful selection of patients made it possible to achieve a significant improvement in conditions of patients with CPRS treated with IL-4/IL-13 receptor inhibitors.
One of the most important developments of modern economics is the concept of economic mechanism design. Mechanism design is the study of economic mechanisms that produce behaviors in public health. The concept has profound implications for management. Management involves the effective use of mechanisms to change behavior. Public health managers must have a strong background in sociology and psychology, negotiation, finance, economics, organizational theory, and leadership. All managers work with limited resources. Managers must understand finance and economics: budgets, investment in the Health Care system, accountability, investment return, optimization, and decision analysis. This feature creates unique challenges for educating and supporting public health managers. To advance public health management as a profession we must apply the basics of mechanism design to its challenges. Leadership science provides a base for development of managers’ personal skills and attributes. Many graduate programs in business management and public administration deal with public health management. Accordingly, application of mechanism design (economic, social and others) in public health management can help managers become more effective. Mechanism design in public health management could provide an important way to improve health of the population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.