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The integrated supply chain at Xerox Ltd is a large complex organisation which has many potential impacts on the environment. In order to better understand and reduce those impacts, an environmental bias has been introduced into the decision making process which allows more environmentally conscious decisions to be made. This paper details how the environmental bias was developed and how it can be used to provide both a measure of environmental performance for the whole supply chain, each functional element within the chain and for different product delivery scenarios. The environmental decision making tool construction is discussed and preliminary results show that it is the working life of a typical product which causes the biggest environmental impact.

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Key message Ty - 6 is a major resistance gene on chromosome 10 of tomato that provides resistance against monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses and complements resistance conferred by the known Ty - 3 and ty - 5 genes. Abstract Resistance to monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses is an important breeding objective for cultivated tomato. Several begomovirus resistance genes have been introgressed from related Solanum species and are available for breeding purposes. In the present study, we mapped an additional locus, Ty - 6 , to chromosome 10 of tomato. Ty - 6 is effective against both monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and bipartite Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV). Gene action is incomplete dominance, with an intermediate resistance response when Ty - 6 is heterozygous. Analysis of populations segregating for Ty - 6 along with Ty - 3 or ty - 5 indicates that the highest level of resistance against TYLCV is attained when Ty - 6 is combined with an additional resistance allele. Our results also demonstrate that ty - 5 is ineffective against ToMoV. Although multiple SNPs linked to Ty - 6 were identified and can be used for breeding purposes, none of these were consistently polymorphic between Ty - 6 and ty - 6 breeding lines. Further research is underway to generate resequencing data for several Ty - 6 inbred lines for the discovery of additional sequence polymorphisms that can be used for fine mapping and characterizing the Ty - 6 locus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00122-019-03298-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Although there has been considerable effort placed on measuring supply chains in order to assess their performance, these techniques have been found to be time and cost focused, aimed at coping with rapid change. This approach tends to have a short‐term outlook. Work on greening supply chains is much longer‐term in outlook. Is information intensive and biased towards the supply side? These two mindsets appear to be diverging, developing in conflicting directions. This is an alarming prospect for the environment, which has no place in future supply chain performance measurements, thus running the risk of being increasingly side‐lined; and for performance measurements, which is unconcerned with longer‐term sustainability in terms of the environment. The case is made to amalgamate the advantages of both schools of thought to allow long‐term views to be represented by short‐term performance measurement.

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BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Populations of Bemisa tabaci MEAM1 were established from nineteen locations in south Florida, primarily from commercial tomato fields, and were tested using a cotton leaf petiole systemic uptake method for susceptibility to the nicotinic acetylcholine agonist insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and flupyradifurone. Eleven populations produced LC50s for one or more chemicals that were not significantly different from the susceptible laboratory colony based on overlapping fiducial limits, indicating some degree of susceptibility. LC50s more than a 100-fold the laboratory colony were measured in at least one population for each material tested, indicating tolerance. LC50s (ppm) from field populations ranged from 0.901–24.952 for imidacloprid, 0.965–24.430 for thiamethoxam, 0.043–3.350 for dinotefuran and 0.011–1.471 for flupyradifurone. Based on overlapping fiducial limits, there were no significant differences in relative mean potency estimates for flupyradifurone and dinotefuran in relation to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam.