A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, long rods or coccoid without flagellum strain, designated THG-YS3.2.7, was isolated from therhizosphere soil of a Mugunghwa flower collected from Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 28-37 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum 7) and at 0-5 % NaCl (optimum 1 %). The predominant ubiquinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major cellular fatty acids were C10 : 0, C10 : 0 3OH, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C18 : 0, C18 : 3ω6c (6,9,12), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC). The DNA G+C content of strain THG-YS3.2.7 was 69.4 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-YS3.2.7 were identified as Ramlibacter henchirensis DSM 14656 (97.92 %), Ramlibacter tataouinensis DSM 14655 (97.90 %), Ramlibacter solisilvae KACC 17567 (97.04 %). DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-YS3.2.7 and R. henchirensis DSM 14656, R. tataouinensis DSM 14655, R. solisilvae KACC 17567 were 32.5±1.5, 43.1±1.1, 42.8±1.1 %, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-YS3.2.7 represent a novel species of the genus Ramlibacter, for which the name Ramlibacter rhizophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-YS3.2.7 (=KCTC 52083=CCTCC AB 2015357).

A treatment using a mixture of herbs such as THAN-1 would be useful in the suppression of the growth of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.

A novel bacterial strain, designated THG-S11.7 T , was isolated from garden soil in Incheon, South Korea. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile cocci, and were catalase-and oxidase-positive. Colonies of the strain were white. Strain THG-S11.7T grew optimally at 28 8C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain was a member of the genus Nocardioides. Strain THG-S11 T and the closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 45.0 % and the DNA G+C content of strain THG-S11.7 T was 72.2 mol%. Strain THG-S11.7 T was characterized chemotaxonomically as having LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and menaquinone MK-8(H 4 ) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major phospholipid was determined to be diphosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-S11.7 T were iso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 .Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides albidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-S11.7 T (5KCTC 39607 T 5CCTCC AB 2015297 T ).

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A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium (THG-3.7 T) was isolated from seawater. Growth occurred at 10-30 C (optimum 25 C), at pH 6-8 (optimum 7) and in the presence of 1-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-3.7 T were identified as Paraglaciecola mesophila DSM 15026 T (95.3 % similarity), Glaciecola pallidula DSM 14239 T (95.2 %), Paraglaciecola aquimarina KCTC 32108 T (95.1 %), Paraglaciecola arctica KACC 14537 T (94.9 %), Glaciecola nitratireducens KCTC 12276 T (94.7 %) and Paraglaciecola psychrophila CGMCC 1.6130 T (94.7 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities among strain THG-3.7 T and other species were lower than 94.7 %. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The quinone system was composed of Q-8. The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 !7c and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 !7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH). The DNA G+C content of strain THG-3.7 T was 47.9 mol%. On the basis of the data presented, strain THG-3.7 T represents a novel species of the genus Glaciecola, for which the name Glaciecola amylolytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-3.7 T (=KACC 19478 T =CCTCC AB 2017258 T).