A review on Terahertz end-to-end systems with an emphasis on integrated approaches is presented. Four major catalogs of THz integrated systems, including THz communication systems, THz imaging systems, THz radars, and THz spectroscopy systems, are reviewed in this article. The performance of integrated systems is compared with non-integrated solutions, followed by a discussion on the trend in future research avenues and applications.
In this article, we propose and demonstrate a spectrum-to-space mapping principle for localizing multiple wireless nodes in a simultaneous and single-shot fashion at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Spectrum-to-space mapping is achieved through two dual-port chip integrated waveguide (CIW)-based leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). Interfacing with the two LWAs, we integrate two transmitting and receiving chains operating between 360-and 400-GHz range in a single chip realized in a 65-nm bulk CMOS process. Utilizing the carefully engineered dispersive nature of the LWA and its frequency-dependent radiation patterns, we create unique spectrum-to-space calibration maps for both 1-D and 2-D angular localizations. The measured one-shot localization error variance is less than 1 • in 1-D space with 200-Hz-resolution bandwidth (BW) and less than 2 • in 2-D space for a 20-Hz-resolution BW. The high-resolution nature of the localization principle in a single-shot fashion makes this approach attractive for multi-wireless node localization, link discovery, beam-forming, beam-management, and beamoptimization methods.
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