A high-speed programmable and scalable terahertz holographic metasurface based on tiled CMOS chips

Venkatesh, Suresh; Lu, Xuyang; Saeidi, Hooman; Sengupta, Kaushik

doi:10.1038/s41928-020-00497-2

Cited by 200 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A THz meta-surface was implemented as an early attempt for a stacked topology [82]. Figure 7 shows the chip photo, unit cell design, material layers stackups, the resulting On-Off ratio, and the field distributions under different switching conditions.…”

Section: Perspectives On Future Thz Beamformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on applications of integrated terahertz systems

Venkatesh

Saeidi

2021

China Commun.

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A review on Terahertz end-to-end systems with an emphasis on integrated approaches is presented. Four major catalogs of THz integrated systems, including THz communication systems, THz imaging systems, THz radars, and THz spectroscopy systems, are reviewed in this article. The performance of integrated systems is compared with non-integrated solutions, followed by a discussion on the trend in future research avenues and applications.

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Section: Perspectives On Future Thz Beamformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulated and measured far-field projection patterns at a distance of 5 mm. The switching conditions are optimized through a genetic algorithm for letters "P" and "U" [82].…”

Section: Space and Satellite Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on applications of integrated terahertz systems

Venkatesh

Saeidi

2021

China Commun.

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“…[29][30][31][32][33] However, while active elements in deep-subwavelength sizes are easily found in the microwave regime (e.g., PIN diodes and varactors), which have been successfully used to construct active metadevices for beam-steering, [34][35][36] programmable holograms, 37,38 and dynamic imaging, 39,40 they are difficult to realize at frequencies higher than THz, due to both size restrictions and significantly enhanced ohmic losses in electronic circuits. 41,42 As a result, most tunable metadevices so far demonstrated at THz frequencies can only control THz beams in a uniform manner, 43,44 but typically cannot manipulate the THz wavefronts dynamically, due ultimately to deficiencies in local-tuning capabilities at deepsubwavelength scales in this frequency domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically controlling terahertz wavefronts with cascaded metasurfaces

et al. 2021

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Dynamically controlling terahertz (THz) wavefronts in a designable fashion is highly desired in practice. However, available methods working at microwave frequencies do not work well in the THz regime due to lacking suitable tunable elements with submicrometer sizes. Here, instead of locally controlling individual meta-atoms in a THz metasurface, we show that rotating different layers (each exhibiting a particular phase profile) in a cascaded metadevice at different speeds can dynamically change the effective Jonesmatrix property of the whole device, thus enabling extraordinary manipulations on the wavefront and polarization characteristics of a THz beam impinging on the device. After illustrating our strategy based on model calculations, we experimentally demonstrate two proof-of-concept metadevices, each consisting of two carefully designed all-silicon transmissive metasurfaces exhibiting different phase profiles. Rotating two metasurfaces inside the fabricated devices at different speeds, we experimentally demonstrate that the first metadevice can efficiently redirect a normally incident THz beam to scan over a wide solid-angle range, while the second one can dynamically manipulate both the wavefront and polarization of a THz beam. Our results pave the way to achieving dynamic control of THz beams, which is useful in many applications, such as THz radar, and bio-and chemical sensing and imaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, reprogrammable metasurfaces emerged as an ideal platform for arbitrary customized functionalities, where each meta-atom can be individually recon gured [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] . By judicious designs, several reprogrammable metasurfaces have been experimentally realized, enabling dynamic functionalities including projection display 45 , holographic imaging 40,41,43 , special beam steering 41,42,46,48 , etc. Moreover, digital and real-time features promote several system-level applications that can hardly be achieved by static metasurfaces, such as space-time-coding 47,49 , intelligent autonomous self-adaptive systems 44,50,51 , and dynamic optimization of wireless communication channels [52][53][54] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanically Reprogrammable Pancharatnam-Berry Metasurface

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Metasurfaces have enabled the realization of several optical functionalities over an ultrathin platform, fostering the exciting field of flat optics. Traditional metasurfaces are achieved by arranging a layout of static meta-atoms to imprint a desired operation to the impinging wavefront, but their functionality cannot be altered. Reconfigurability and programmability of metasurfaces are the next important step to broaden their impact, adding customized on-demand functionality in which each meta-atom can be individually reprogrammed. However, programmable metasurfaces to date can only reconfigure 2 or 4 phase levels per meta-atom at best, hindering the overall functionality performance. Here, we demonstrate a mechanical metasurface platform with controllable rotation at the meta-atom level, which can implement continuous Pancharatnam-Berry phase control of circularly polarized waves. As the proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate metalensing, focused vortex beam generation, and holographic imaging in the same metasurface template, exhibiting versatility and superior performance. Such dynamic control of electromagnetic waves using a single, low-cost metasurface paves an avenue towards practical applications, driving the field of reprogrammable intelligent metasurfaces for a variety of applications.

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A high-speed programmable and scalable terahertz holographic metasurface based on tiled CMOS chips

Cited by 200 publications

References 45 publications

A review on applications of integrated terahertz systems

A review on applications of integrated terahertz systems

Dynamically controlling terahertz wavefronts with cascaded metasurfaces

A Mechanically Reprogrammable Pancharatnam-Berry Metasurface

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