Pre-operation NLR can be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with RCC who underwent surgical resection.

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Objective To establish equations for the estimation of glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) based on serum creatinine (SCr) and/or serum cystatin C (SCysC) in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to compare the new equations with both the reference GFR (rGFR) and the literature equations to evaluate their applicability.Methods The 788 Chinese CKD patients were randomly divided into two groups, the training group and the testing group, to establish new eGFR-formulas based on serum CysC and to validate the established formulas, respectively. 99mTc-DTPA clearance (as the rGFR), serum Cr, and serum CysC were determined for all patients, and GFR was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation (eGFR1), the MDRD formula (eGFR2), the CKD-EPI formulas (eGFR3, eGFR4), and the Chinese eGFR Investigation Collaboration formulas (eGFR5, eGFR6). The accuracy of each eGFR was compared with the rGFR.Results The training and testing groups' mean GFRs were 50.84±31.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 54.16±29.45 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The two newly developed eGFR formulas were fitted using iterative computation: and . Significant correlation was observed between each eGFR and the rGFR. However, proportional errors and constant errors were observed between rGFR and eGFR1, eGFR2, eGFR4, eGFR5 or eGFR6, and constant errors were observed between eGFR3 and rGFR, as revealed by the Passing & Bablok plot analysis. The Bland-Altman analysis illustrated that the 95% limits of agreement of all equations exceeded the previously accepted limits of <60 mL/min •1.73 m2, except the equations of eGFR7 and eGFR8.Conclusion The newly developed formulas, eGFR7 and eGFR8, provide precise and accurate GFR estimation using serum CysC detection alone or in combination with serum Cr detection. Differences in detection methods should be carefully considered when choosing literature eGFR equations to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Renal fibrosis is a histological outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, the noninvasive detection of renal fibrosis remains a challenge. Here we constructed a renal fibrosis target mRNA array and used it to detect urinary mRNAs of CKD patients for investigating potential noninvasive biomarkers of renal fibrosis. We collected urine samples from 39 biopsy-proven CKD patients and 11 healthy controls in the training set. Urinary mRNA profiles of 86 genes showed a total of 21 mRNAs that were differentially expressed between CKD patients and controls ( P < 0.05), and vimentin (VIM) mRNA demonstrated the highest change fold of 9.99 in CKD vs. controls with robust correlations with decline of renal function and severity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Additionally, VIM mRNA further differentiated patients with moderate-to-severe fibrosis from none-to-mild fibrosis group with an area of the curve of 0.796 ( P = 0.008). A verification of VIM mRNA in the urine of an additional 96 patients and 20 controls showed that VIM is not only well correlated with renal function parameters but also correlated with proteinuria and renal fibrosis scores. Multiple logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristics analysis further showed that urine VIM mRNA is the best predictive parameter of renal fibrosis compared with estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. In addition, there is no improved predictive performance for the composite biomarkers to predict renal fibrosis severity compared with a single gene of VIM. Overall, urinary VIM mRNA might serve as a novel independent noninvasive biomarker to monitor the progression of kidney fibrosis.

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The construction of multifunctional nano-enzymes is a feasible strategy for fighting multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial biofilm-associated infections. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is an important functional part of biofilm formation, including the...

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BackgroundInflammation has been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. This study was designed to explore the prognostic significance of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients after treatment.MethodsThe retrospective study consisted of 985 patients with ccRCC who had undergone nephrectomy from 2005 to 2010 at multiple centers. The patients were divided into four groups using a quartile of LMR or CRP, and their associations with clinical characteristics and outcome were systematically estimated.ResultsBoth low LMR and high CRP significantly diminished overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) in patients with ccRCC. Further investigation indicated that LMR and CRP were independent prognostic factors of both OS and MFS. Integration of LMR and CRP into a predictive model, including significant variables in multivariate analysis, established a nomogram to predict accurately the 3- and 5-year survival for nonmetastatic patients with ccRCC.ConclusionLMR and CRP represent independent prognostic factors of OS and MFS for patients with ccRCC. Incorporation of LMR and CRP into the traditional TNM staging system may improve their predictive performance.