Precisely controlled and deeply penetrated micro-nano hybrid multifunctional motors with enhanced antibacterial activity against refractory biofilm infections

Construction of antibacterial bone implants and their application in bone regeneration

“…The problem of insufficient bactericidal properties of the direct contact type can be avoided by harnessing the synergistic effect of dissolutionpenetration and direct contact antimicrobial scaffolds. 178,179 In addition to using sharp edges to destroy bacterial cell membranes, materials such as GO nanosheets can also act as carriers for other dissolved permeable antimicrobials, allowing them to work together. Han et al used GO as a carrier of AgNPs and sulfadiazine (SD).…”

Light-driven micro/nanomotors in biomedical applications

“…155 When the biofilm becomes incomplete, the bacteria will revert to a floating state and become more sensitive to host defenses and antimicrobials. 156,157 However, it is a huge challenge to completely destroy the biofilm to solve the problem of penetration depth and combat bacterial biofilm infection. At present, MMNs have been successfully applied in the fields of bacterial detection and biofilm removal because of their excellent motion performance.…”

Orthogonal light-triggered multiple effects based on photochromic nanoparticles for DNA cleavage and beyond

“…In nature, bacteria tend to organize themselves into multicellular communities on a substrate or a liquid surface, known as biofilm. 41 Specially, extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays an essential role in biofilm formation and maturation, including the initial bacterial surface adhesion and cellular aggregation in final mature networks. 9 Hence, it is an effective method to disperse and eradicate established biofilms by cleaving eDNA in biofilms.…”