Introduction: Th17 and Treg cells have important roles in the development and progression of the allergic diseases, such as asthma. Several studies reported that Nigella sativa could improve chronic airway inflammation, and inhibit airway remodeling by regulating the immune system. To examine the effect of Nigella sativa supplementation on Th17/ Treg cells, and asthma control test score in asthmatic children.
ABSTRAKPeran Th17 dalam patogenesis asma dan imunoterapi menjadi konsep dan paradigma terbaru. Imunoterapi merupakan salah satu manajemen di dalam asma dan memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga sering mengakibatkan kegagalan terapi. Terapi adjuvant antara lain probiotik dan Nigella sativa diduga dapat meningkatkan efektifitas imunoterapi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek pemberian imunoterapi, probiotik dan/atau Nigella sativa terhadap jumlah sel Th17, neutrofil dan skoring asma pada anak asma selama imunoterapi fase rumatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada 31 anak yang dikelompokkan secara acak yaitu imunoterapi plus plasebo atau imunoterapi plus Nigella sativa atau imunoterapi plus probiotik atau imunoterapi plus Nigella sativa plus probiotik selama 56 minggu. Pengukuran jumlah sel Th17 dan neutrofil dilakukan menggunakan flowcytometry setelah perlakuan. Asthma Control Test dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi gejala klinis. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji komparasi Anova One Way dan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil menunjukkan tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna jumlah sel Th17 dan neutrophil antara kelompok perlakuan (p-value 0,199 dan 0,326). Asthma control test secara bermakna didapatkan perbedaan antara perlakuan imunoterapi plus probiotik dibandingkan imunoterapi saja. Skoring asma pada kelompok perlakuan imunoterapi plus probiotik adalah yang tertinggi (22,6). Jumlah sel Th17, neutrofil dan ACT menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan tidak bermakna secara statistik (r=-0,2) (p= 0,156). Jumlah sel Th17 dan neutrofil tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Skoring asma pada kelompok imunoterapi plus probiotik adalah yang tertinggi. Dapat disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara Th17, neutrofil dan skoring asma.Kata Kunci: Imunoterapi, neutrofil, Nigella sativa, probiotik, sel Th17, skoring asma (p-value 0,199 and 0,326 ABSTRACT The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and immunotherapy is being the latest concept and paradigm. Immunotherapy in asthma management requires long periods of time and often causes failure of therapy. Administration of adjuvans such as probiotics or Nigella sativa has been considered to improve its efficacy. This study was conducted
Allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergen reduction which are interventions in allergic disease have potential to + + reduce long-term allergy symptoms. A decrease on CD8 type 2 and T CD4 cells correlates with regulatory mechanisms of immunotherapy. So far, there is no study evaluating the effect of long-term administration of immunotherapy, probiotics, + + and Nigella sativa on modulation of immune response, especially CD4 /CD8 T cells ratio, immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, and + + asthma scoring. This research design was randomized clinical trials (RCTs), pre-post control study for CD4 /CD8 T cells ratio, IgE level, and asthma scoring. The subjects were divided into four groups, immunotherapy+placebo, immunotherapy+Nigella sativa, immunotherapy+probiotics, and immunotherapy+Nigella sativa+probiotics. All treatments were given in 56 weeks. Immunotherapy conducted was house dust mite (HDM) subcutaneous 9 immunotherapy. Probiotic given was ProBi (Medifarma) containing 2x10 colony forming unit (cfu)/gram Lactobacillus + + acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis. Asthma scoring was assessed using Asthma Control Test scores. CD4 /CD8 T cell ratio was measured using flowcytometry, and IgE level was measured using Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay.
Bayi prematur apabila usia gestasi kurang dari 37 minggu saat lahir. Strategi yang telah terbukti untuk mengurangi kejadian risiko infeksi,dan gangguan saluran pencernaan pada bayi prematur adalah konsumsi air susu ibu (ASI). Saluran cerna dipengaruhi proses regulasi sitokin proinflamasi dan antiflamasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interleukin-4 dan interleukin-8 berperan pada kondisi inflamasi saluran cerna. Penelitian ini untuk membuktikan adanya perbedaan kadar interleukin 4 (IL-4) dan interleukin 8 (IL-8) pada feses neonatus prematur yang mendapatkan ASI, predominan ASI, predominan susu formula, dan susu formula (SF), serta membandingkan kadar IL-4 dan IL-8 feses yang menggunakan ASI dibandingkan predominan ASI, predominan SF, dan SF. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah bayi prematur yang dirawat di ruang Neonatologi RS. Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang selama periode Maret-April 2018, dengan jumlah sampel 24 pasien. Hasil analisis statistik mendapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan kadar IL-4 feses (p = 0,007) dan IL-8 feses (p = 0,014) pada keempat kelompok nutrisi dengan nilai p < 0,05. Kadar IL-4 dan IL-8 feses kelompok ASI dibandingkan predominan SF dan SF didapatkan nilai p < 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan kadar IL-4 dan kadar IL-8 feses antara kelompok bayi prematur yang mendapatkan ASI, predominan ASI, predominan SF, dan SF. Kadar IL-4 feses kelompok ASI lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok predominan SF dan kelompok SF, dan kadar interleukin-8 feses kelompok ASI lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok predominan SF dan SF.
ABSTRAK Mekanisme patofisiologi asma terjadi berdasarkan proses inflamasi jalan nafas yang dipicu oleh limfosit T, dan berhubungan dengan berlebihnya produksi sitokin tipe 2 relatif terhadap sitokin tipe 1. Interferon-γ yang diproduksi oleh + sel CD4 merupakan antagonis IL-4 dan IL-5 yang berperan dalam patofisiologi asma. Pada asma juga terjadi eosinofilia bronkial yang merupakan penanda terjadinya proses inflamasi pada asma. Imunoterapi merupakan salah satu pengobatan pada asma yang menyebabkan pergeseran Th2 ke Th1 tetapi masih memliki beberapa keterbatasan, sehingga perlu penelitian baru mengenai ajuvan seperti probiotik dan jinten hitam untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari imunoterapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik dan jinten hitam + terhadap jumlah CD4 IFNγ, eosinofil dan perbaikan klinis pada anak asma yang mendapatkan imunoterapi fase rumatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian randomized clinical trial. Sampel dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (imunoterapi dan plasebo, imunoterapi dan probiotik, imunoterapi dan jinten hitam, serta imunoterapi, probiotik dan jinten hitam). Parameter imunologis diperiksa menggunakan flowcytometry dan perbaikan klinis dinilai menggunakan skor ACT. + Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dari CD4 IFNγ dan eosinofil darah jika dibandingkan antar 4 kelompok. Skor ACT menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada semua kelompok. Dengan demikian, pemberian adjuvan probiotik atau jinten hitam, maupun kombinasi keduanya dapat meningkatkan perbaikan klinis pada penderita asma ringan, namun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan parameter imunologis antara lain CD4+IFNγ dan eosinofil.
Background: Asthma is a heterogenouse disease with chronic inflammation which is characterized by hyperreactivity and obstruction of respiratory tract. Many hypothesis of asthma were related with nutrition, such as vitamin D status. Vitamin D is a precursor of steroid hormone that has immunomodulator effect but the relationship of asthma and vitamin D still controversial. This study aims to find the relationship of vitamin D (25-(OH)D) with level of IgE, Eosinophils, and asthma control test (ACT) in mild to moderate pediatric asthmatic patient. Method: An observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach has been conducted among 40 pediatric asthmatic patients by consecutive sampling technique. Data regarding gender, age, vitamin D status, the levels of 25-(OH)D, IgE, Eosinophil, and ACT score were assessed in this study. Correlation analysis test was used as statistical analysis using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Result: Most of respondents were male (70.0%), 5-7 years of age range (52.5%), and insufficient of vitamin D (20-30 ng/ml) (45.0%). The recent study suggests a significant negative relationship between serum 25 (OH) D levels with total immunolobulin E levels (p=0.002; r=-0.476) and eosinophils (p = 0.002; r=-0.479). However, the 25-(OH)D level did not show a significant relationship with the ACT score (p = 0.195; r=0.209).Conclusion: Negative relationship was found between total serum 25(OH)D, total immunoglobulin E, and eosinophils in children with asthma. Moreover, 25(OH)D was not related to ACT score in children with asthma.
ABSTRAKMengendalikan epidemi tuberkulosis pada anak adalah prioritas kesehatan global. Efikasi vaksin Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) sangat bervariasi sehingga memerlukan pengembangan vaksin baru. Antigen rekombinan 38 Kda Mycobacterium tuberculosis sebagai kandidat vaksin harus melalui uji imunogenitas. Tujuan studi ini untuk + mengidentfikasi apakah antigen 38 Kda dapat menstimuli ekspresi IFN-γ dan IL-4 limfosit TCD4 pada kultur PBMC anak dengan kontak TB. Studi ini dilakukan pada kultur PBMC dari 8 kontak TB dan 8 anak sehat yang diinduksi oleh antigen 38 + Kda (kelompok 1), PPD (kelompok 2) dan tanpa perlakuan (kelompok 3). Ekspresi IFN-γ dan IL-4 limfosit TCD4 diukur dengan flowcytometry. Rerata kadar IFN-γ untuk kontak TB tertinggi pada kelompok 3 (p=0,76), sedangkan rerata IL-4 tertinggi pada kelompok 2(p=0,68).RerataIFN-γ untukkelompok sehattertinggi pada kelompok3(p=0,78) sedangkanrerata IL-4 tertinggi pada kelompok 2 (p=0,32). Rerata ekspresi IFN-γ dan IL-4 yang diinduksi oleh antigen 38 Kda, masing-masing lebih tinggi pada kontakTB daripada subjek sehat (p=0,62 dan 0,39). Pengaruh respon imun yang protektif ditunjukkan oleh rasio ekspresi IFN-γ dan IL-4 yang lebih dari 1, baik pada kontak TB dan sehat (1,22 dan 1,28). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara perlakuan pemberian antigen38 kDa, PPD dan tanpa perlakuan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa antigen 38 + Kda dapat menstimuli ekspresi IFN-γ dan IL-4 limfosit TCD4 pada kultur PBMC kontak TB. + Kata Kunci: Antigen rekombinan 38 Kda, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, IFN-γ, IL-4, limfositTCD4 ABSTRACT Controlling the epidemic of tuberculosis in children is a global health priority. Efficacy of BCG is varies widely so the development of new vaccine is needed. The 38 kDa recombinant antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a vaccinecandidate must pass imunogenity test. The purpose was to determine that 38 kDa antigen can stimulate expression of IFN-+ γ and IL-4 lymphocyte TCD4 in PBMC cultures from contact TB children. This was a study on PBMC culture from 8 contact TB and 8 healthy children induced by 38 kDa antigen (group 1), PPD (group 2) and without challenge (group 3). The expression + of IFN-γ and IL-4 lymphocyte TCD4 were measured by flowcytometry. The highest mean of 76), while the highest expression of 68). The highest mean of IFN-γ level for healthy subject was in group 3 (p=0,78), while the highest expression of 32). Mean of IFN-γand IL-4 induced by 38 kDa antigenin contact TB were higher than healthy group (p=0,62 and p=0,39). Protective effect of immune respon was showed by ratio of exspression for IFN-γ and IL-4 more than 1, both in contact TB and health group (1,22 and 1,28). There was no significantly difference between challenge with 38 kDa antigen, PPD and no challenge. The 38 kDa + antigen could stimulate the expression of
We studied the immune response of salivary secretory Objective immunoglobulin A (sIg-A) from a pediatric tuberculosis (TB) group (scoring of 6) and non-TB group (scoring <6) against recombinant Ag38 (Ag38-rec) from Indonesian strain. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Seventy-eight children were divided into three Materials and Methods groups; those with TB (n=26), those with suspected TB (n=26), and healthy children (n=26), their saliva was collected, and salivary sIg-A was challenged with purified Ag38-rec using the dot blot method. A change of color from white to dark blue indicated a positive reaction.: The immune response of sIg-A of children with TB and those with Results suspected TB to Ag38-rec was not significantly different. In the TB group, Ag38-rec showed a higher sensitivity than protein purified derivative (PPD) (70.8% vs. 62.5%), but a lower specificity (26.9% vs. 34.62%). However, within both groups (scoring of 6) as well as non-TB group (scoring <6) Ag38-rec was able to identify children with a positive TST (tuberculin skin test) better than PPD.: The antigen Ag38-rec could not distinguish between children with Conclusion TB scores of 6 and <6.1. However, it demonstrated the potential of Ag38-rec for use in screening for TB infection among children with suspect TB (scores <6).
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