The cathodic electrolysis of propylene carbonate containing lithium perchlorate was studied by means of an in-situ quartz crystal microbalance technique. A lithium compound was deposited at about +1.5 V vs. Li/Li+ and dissolved at about +4.0 V vs. Li/Li+. In constant potential electrolysis at +0.9 V vs. Li/Li+, the deposition process was divided into two stages. In the first stage, in which lithium carbonate was most probably deposited, an electrode reaction of ferrocene which was added to the solution was gradually retarded. In the second stage, in which some chemical reaction proceeded dominantly, the electrode reaction of ferrocene was almost completely blocked. A cathodic charge of +3.0 mC cm−2 was necessary for almost complete blocking.
We show that freely suspended liquid-crystal film have suitable properties for use as visible and infrared radiation sensors. The replacement of the polymer film in a Golay cell by a liquid-crystalline film results in the effective increase of the sensor response rate (100 times) without undue sacrifice of its sensitivity.
Films of the chalcopyrite semiconductor C
u
I
n
S
2 were grown by rf ion-plating at a relatively low substrate temperature of 400° C, which allows us to use a large size inexpensive glass substrate, for various levels of substrate bias, ranging from +50 V to -50 V. The Cu and In compositions were controlled by varying the electron beam power of the Cu2S and In2S3 sources. There were significant differences in the surface morphology and crystallinity between films prepared under either negatively biased or floating conditions and films prepared under either positively biased or grounded conditions. Single phase CuInS2 films of good quality were obtained when the substrate was subjected to the floating conditions. Cu ions seem to play a very important role in the growth of Cu
x
S
y
which acts as an accelerator for growing good crystalline CuInS2 at a relatively low temperature.
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