Background: Hypertensive disorders are common complication occurring during pregnancy responsible for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Though the condition is on decline, still stands a public health problem. The aims and objectives of the study were to know the clinical presentation among PIH patients and to find out foetal outcome among patients with PIH.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over period of 1 year in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, tertiary care health facility at GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Valsad. A total of 64 pregnant women with PIH were enrolled in this study with inclusion-exclusion criteria. Necessary information such as Socio-demographic information, detailed clinic and obstetric history, clinical examination, investigations and foetal outcome was note by using preformed performa. Data were entered and analyzed by using MS Excel and Epi Info software.Results: Majority of PIH mother is belonging to age group of 18-26 years (51.56%), PIH is more prevalent among nulliparous (57.81%). Among PIH mother 48.44% had lower abdominal pain, 18.75% had vomiting/epigastric discomfort followed by headache (12.50%), convulsion (10.94%) etc. 53.12% of PIH mother delivered low birth weight babies, 7.81% are IUGR. 18.75% of babies were required NICU admission with 1.56% of neonatal death.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a common medical disorder associated with pregnancy. We noted that PIH is more prevalent in younger age groups and nulliparous mothers. PIH lead to a various clinical manifestation some of this may use as early recognition of PIH. PIH also lead to increase adverse foetal outcome. Thus fetal morbidity and mortality can be reduced among PIH patients by early recognition and institutional management.

Background: Health care providers are at an increased risk of exposure to various infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C etc. These infections are prevented if proper universal precautions are observed by health care providers consistently in their day to day clinical work. In study we have explored knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nursing staff. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out among staff nurses in December 2013. Self-administered semi structured proforma was used for data collection. Information regarding knowledge and practice of universal precautions was collected. Results: Out of 88 participants interviewed, almost all of them reported of having awareness about universal precautions and personal protective equipments. Only 44.3% nurses mentioned all the correct measures for universal precautions. 89.77% nurses were aware about health hazards of needle stick injury but only 67.05% correctly reported about how needle stick injury can be prevented. 38.64% nurses had experienced needle stick injury while working and most of them (79.41%) followed proper guidelines. Conclusions: correct knowledge regarding universal precautions among nursing staff is still not of satisfactory level and training at repeated interval needs to be given to ensure correct knowledge as well as implementation of universal precautions.

No abstract

Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentation among patients. In developing countries such as India, tuberculous (TB) lymphadenitis is one of the common causes of lymphadenopathy. Cytomorphology with acid-fast staining is a valuable diagnostic tool in cases of tuberculosis.Objective: To describe pattern of TB lymphadenitis presentation, and to compare results of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain in the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis.Materials and Methods: Total 351 patients of lymphadenopathy referred to . FNAC was performed in all these patients and smears were prepared. Smears were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. ZN staining for acidfast bacilli (AFB) was carried out on separate slide.Results: Maximum number of patients (162; 46.15%) were from age group of 11-30 years. Total 351 cases [179 (50.99%) females and 172 (49.00%) males] were included in the study. Of 351 cases, 173 (49.28%) had tuberculosis, 141 (40.17%) had lymphadenitis other than tuberculosis, and 37 (10.54%) had malignant lymphadenopathy, including 2 (0.56%) cases of primary malignancy (i.e., lymphoma) and 35 (09.97%) of metastasis to lymph nodes. Overall, 119 (33.90%) cases were found to be positive for AFB on ZN staining.Conclusion: FNAC is an optimally selected, efficient, easy to perform, and economical test for initial diagnostic workup in patients with TB lymphadenitis. Supplementation of ZN stain with FNAC increases the rates of diagnosis.

Background: Candida species are now recognized as major causative agents of hospital-acquired infection. One of the major factors contributing to the virulence of Candida is its ability to form surface-attached microbial communities known as "biofilms". The importance of Candida biofilms is because of its increased resistance to antifungal therapy and the ability of cells within biofilms to withstand host immune defenses. Objective: This study was undertaken with the objectives of isolating the Candida species and identifying its virulence factor-the biofilm and to determine the role of biofilm in pathogenicity. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted amongst the clinical specimens collected from the critical care wards of a tertiary care Hospital at Navi Mumbai from Jan 2009-Feb 2010. Care was taken to collect the samples before any anti fungal treatment. Candida spp were isolated and identified by standard techniques. Results: Out of total 200 different clinical specimens collected and processed, the most commonly isolated species was C. albicans(61.36 %) along with non albicans like C. parapsilosis (9.1%) C. pseudotropicalis (13.64 %) and C. glabrata (15.9%). Conclusion: The data suggests that the capacity of Candida species to produce biofilm appears to be a reflection of the pathogenic potential of the isolates. Isolates of Candida parapsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalisand Candida glabrata all gave significantly less biofilm growth then C. albicans.