Background: Psychological stress among medical students is common as compared to other professional courses. The prevalence of perceived stress among medical students affects not only their academic performances but also to some extent their health. Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of self-perceived psychological stress among UnderGraduate medical students, to identify probable factors responsible for it and to suggest possible interventions. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study using self administered questionnaire was conducted among a sample of undergraduate students chosen from all the years of MBBS who were enrolled at Govt. Medical College Surat at the time of study period. Results: In this study 3.12% of the students reported having no stressor experience, 55.6% reported mild to moderate stressor experience and 41.2% with severe stressor experience. Major factors responsible for stress identified in this study are increased load towards exam, vast syllabus, not getting expected marks, less time for repeated learning and procrastination Conclusion: This study has found that majority of undergraduate students experience stress. Both academic and emotional factors are responsible for this stress. Proper guidance and counseling by faculties may help to improve the present scenario.
Background: Health care providers are at an increased risk of exposure to various infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C etc. These infections are prevented if proper universal precautions are observed by health care providers consistently in their day to day clinical work. In study we have explored knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nursing staff. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out among staff nurses in December 2013. Self-administered semi structured proforma was used for data collection. Information regarding knowledge and practice of universal precautions was collected. Results: Out of 88 participants interviewed, almost all of them reported of having awareness about universal precautions and personal protective equipments. Only 44.3% nurses mentioned all the correct measures for universal precautions. 89.77% nurses were aware about health hazards of needle stick injury but only 67.05% correctly reported about how needle stick injury can be prevented. 38.64% nurses had experienced needle stick injury while working and most of them (79.41%) followed proper guidelines. Conclusions: correct knowledge regarding universal precautions among nursing staff is still not of satisfactory level and training at repeated interval needs to be given to ensure correct knowledge as well as implementation of universal precautions.
Background: The aims were to study knowledge, perceptions and beliefs regarding swine flu among college students and to study any difference in knowledge between science and commerce students. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in Science and Commerce College of Valsad city from June-July 2015. Simple random sampling technique used. Total 400 students were randomly selected from both the colleges. The study was started after obtaining the verbal and informed consent from both the college authorities whereas verbal and informed consent was taken from each student. Data collection done by using predesigned, pretested, bilingual language (English and Gujarati) semi structured questionnaire. Students who were present and had given consent to participate in the study been included and those who are absent and not willing to participate are excluded from study. Data were presented in percentages and p value was calculated by Chi-square test. Results: 63.18% and 53.73% commerce, 86% and 84.5% science knows causative agent and other name of swine flu respectively and difference is statistically highly significant. More than 60% of science and commerce students reported cough/sneezing as modes of transmission. 57% science and 40% commerce correctly answer symptoms of swine flu. Television (>35%) was major source of information in both groups. Conclusions: Although students are aware of swine flu but correct knowledge about swine flu is lacking in both the groups. Knowledge regarding key points such as frequent hand washing, avoiding crowding places, vaccine and treatment availability, which is much important during epidemics and pandemics as precautionary measures, was lacking in both the groups.
Background: Health-care expenses are booming nowadays. India is one of the biggest generic medicine manufacturers in all over the world still generic medicines are less prescribed in India. In the USA, 86% prescriptions contain generic medicines which saved 1.5 trillion dollars of USA consumers in the past decade. Less knowledge of generic medicine is correlated to less prescribing. Previously, studies were carried out on pharmacist and general practitioner to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of generic medicine among them. Such study was not done on MBBS students who will be future doctors. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned with the aim of assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students toward generic medicines. Materials and Methods:This was a questioner-based cross-sectional survey kind of study. This preformed and pre-evaluated questioner was given to third semester of second year MBBS students. Questioner contains 10 items for knowledge, 10 items for attitude, and 2 items for practice. These are multiple choice kind of questions. Data were analyzed by MS Excel. Results: In this study, 110 students participated. Only 14.55% of students said that generic drugs only be marketed after expiry of patent of innovator drug. Only 27.27% of students said that generic drug manufacturer need not to repeat the preclinical studies and clinical trials as required by innovator medicines. Most of the students (65.45%) know that innovator drugs are more costly than their generic substitute. Only 23.64% of students were aware about the Government of India scheme called Jan Aushadhi whose sole purpose to set up generic drug stores in the country. Just 30.91% of participants know that patients or pharmacists are not legally empowered to sell or purchase generic medicines over innovator medicine. There were a good number of participants (54.55%) not agree with Generic drugs cost less because they are inferior to innovator (patented) drug. About 88.18% of students gave the opinion that there should be a training program to increase the awareness regarding generic drugs among doctors and patients. Nearly 81.82% of students gave the opinion that there should be a generic medicine store at every government hospital. 80% of participants had not read any article regarding the comparison of safety and efficacy of generic versus innovator (patented) drugs. Conclusion: This study showed that medical students having good knowledge, attitude about safety, efficacy, and cost of generic medicines. Students know less about government scheme such as Jan Aushadhi. They also support that patients and pharmacist are legally empowered to sell or purchase generic medicine in place of costly innovator medicines. Students also agree with there should be some change in policy by medical insurance company to improve generic drugs prescribing.
Background: Good communication skill is as crucial for the medical practitioner as medical knowledge for better patient outcome. Incorporating simulated patients for teaching communication skills and assessment can be beneficial for the learners as it gives them learning opportunities under a controlled environment. Objectives: 1. To assess the improvement in communication skills with the use of simulated patients after communication skills training. 2. To obtain feedback from simulated patients about patient satisfaction. 3. To obtain feedback from students and faculties about communication skills training intervention and simulated patients for assessment. Methods: After a thorough introduction and explanation of the study, out of total of 139 students from the fifth-semester bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS), 44 students gave the willingness to participate. Students were divided into two groups of 22 students; one group acted as doctors, and the other group acted as a standardized patient group. Each simulated patient was randomly assigned to one doctor to make a pair; thus, 22 random pairs of doctor and patients were formed. Before and after giving communication skills training, each doctor-patient pair's consultation was analyzed for clinical communication skills using the Kalamazoo scale adapted version by trained observers. After each consultation, each patient was given a patient satisfaction questionnaire to fill. Results: In this study, students were improved significantly in each competency of the Kalamazoo scale after communication skills training. Before giving this training, the total mean communication skills score of students was 49.86 (SD=10.73), and after training, it significantly improved to 75.45 (SD=15.78) (P < 0.05). Before the training, the mean patient's satisfaction score was 48.95 (SD=12.18), which significantly improved after training to 60.36 (SD=3.99) (P < 0.05). Students as well as observers, found the Kalamazoo scale very useful for communication skills training and assessment. In feedback, they mentioned that the simulated patient approach for the assessment of communication skills was useful. Conclusions: This study showed that the clinical communication skills training with a structured scale was helpful for medical students. Students were found interested in learning such new skills; thus, clinical communication skills training should be an integral part of medical education. Simulated patients were found useful and can be used for the assessment of other clinical skills in medical education.
Introduction: To achieve universal health coverage, concept of Health and Wellness Center (HWC) was given under Ayushman Bharat. For providing health care services through HWC, cadre of Mid-Level Health Provider (MLHP) is introduced who would be leading primary health care team at HWC. Objective: This study was undertaken with objective to assess the factors favoring to join this course and baseline knowledge of Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) and Health and Wellness Center (HWC) among course candidates Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted among candidates of certificate course in community health at PSC (Program Study Center) of Medical College at South Gujarat through self-administered semi-structured Performa. Results:Career changing opportunity was considered as a major factor to pursue CCCH course and obtaining MLHP position at HWC. Accessibility of HWC and role in advocacy generation were perceived major needs for it in community. Preventive, Promotive and Curative functions were mentioned as functions of HWC and geographical accessibility with delivery of functions in effective manner were perceived as chief characters of ideal HWC. Along with these, they mentionedcleanliness of center, community involvement and client satisfaction as its other characters. Conclusion and Recommendations:Baseline knowledge of the candidates pertaining to need, functions and ideal HWC was found almost satisfactory but it needed reinforcement and clarity. These results should be used for proper planning of curriculum and implementation of CCCH course to fulfill gaps in knowledge. We recommend that similar exercise should be carried out at all PSCs for effective implementation of course curriculum.
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