To elucidate the mechanism of the electrode reaction at the interface of H2-H20 porous Pt/stabilized zirconia, measurements were made on the electrode interface conductivity, ~, and the steady-state polarization current, I, as a function of H2 partial pressure, P~2, and H20 partial pressure, PH20, up to 800~ The rate of the electrode reaction at 700 to 800~ in H2-H20 atmospheres is faster than that in CO-CO2 and slower than that in 02 rich atmospheres by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The rate-determining reaction process was the exchange of adsorbed OH radicals between the Pt-and the stabilized zirconia-surface at the triple-phase boundary (TPB) of gas/Pt/stabilized zirconia. When the oxygen activity, a0, ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 128.122.253.228 Downloaded on 2015-05-25 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 128.122.253.228 Downloaded on 2015-05-25 to IP
We propose and demonstrate a novel technique for simultaneous measurement of the phase index, n(p) , the group index, n(g) , and the thickness, t , of transparent plates by use of a low-coherence interferometer. The output light from a superluminescent diode is focused upon the front plane of a transparent plate that is used as the sample. The sample stage is subsequently moved until the light is focused upon the rear plane of the plate. Measurement of the stage movement distance and the corresponding optical path difference allows us to determine both n(p) and n(g) . By placing the sample between two glass plates, we measured n(p) , n(g) , and t simultaneously, with an error of 0.3% or less, for nearly 1-mm-thick transparent plates, including glass and electro-optic crystals.
Photochromic diarylethene derivatives containing 2,4-diphenylphenyl substituents formed stable amorphous solids and showed reversible solid-state photochromism. Refractive indices of the amorphous films changed reversibly with the photochromic reactions as much as ∆n ) 0.028 at 817 nm. Changes in both absorption band and static polarizability contributed to the large refractive index modulation.
We have developed a low-coherence interferometer system used for the simultaneous measurement of refractive index n and thickness t of transparent plates. Both the phase index n(p) and group index n(g) can be determined automatically in a wide thickness range of from 10 microm to a few millimeters. Two unique techniques are presented to measure n(p), n(g), and t simultaneously. One allows us to determine n(p), n(g), and t accurately by using a special sample holder, in which the measurement accuracy is 0.3% for the thickness t above 0.1 mm. In the other technique the chromatic dispersion delta n of index is approximately expressed as a function of (n(p) - 1) on the basis of measured values of n(p) and n(g) for a variety of materials, and then the simultaneous measurement is performed with a normal sample holder. In addition, a measurement accuracy of less than 1% is achieved even when the sample is as thin as 20 microm. The measurement time is also 3 min or more.
In this study, measurement standards with irregular surface topography which can be used for surface texture measuring instruments of various measurement principles are proposed, and the verification system for surface texture measuring instruments is established using the measurement standard. We have generated the software gauge data with 3D irregular surface texture using the non-causal 2D auto-regressive model (2D AR model). This model can generate periodic irregular surface topography data from specified surface texture parameters, and based on the generated software gauge data, the measurement standards were manufactured by machining with a diamond ball end mill. The short wavelength components which cannot be processed by the ball end mill were removed from the original machining data by the morphological filter. Manufactured measurement standards were measured using three types of surface texture measuring instruments. Proposed measurement standards can be used for various types of measuring instruments.
Novel nondestructive readout methods for near-field optical recording has been demonstrated with an amorphous photochromic film. Large refractive index change of an amorphous photochromic layer of 1,2-bis(5-(2,4-diphenylphenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl) perfluorocyclopentene induced by the photochromic reactions is detected by the use of a guided-wave mode and a substrate radiation mode with near-IR laser light. The modulation amplitude in the reflected light intensity before and after the photo-bleaching reaction was as high as 20%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.