We reveal the molecular and virological characteristics of DENV in Purwokerto, Banyumas regency, Central Java. The genotype and phylogenetic analyses indicate the endemicity of the circulating DENV in the city. Our serotype and genotype data provide references for future dengue molecular epidemiology studies and disease management in the region.

Abstract. Riwidiharso E, Darsono, Setyowati EA, Pratiknyo H, Sudiana E, Santoso S, Yani E, Widhiono I. 2020. Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 3163-3169. Domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) which are traditionally fed by scavenging on farms predispose them to ectoparasites infestation. In this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the common ectoparasites on G. domesticus in the rural areas of Banyumas. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity of ectoparasites, their prevalence, and their relationship to the chickens body weight. This research was conducted by the survey method from December 2019 to April 2020 in five villages around the city of Purwokerto, Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia viz., Kedungwuluh, Kedungwringin, Kutasari, Karangsalam, and Karanggintung. Data analysis was conducted by Shannon Wiener and Evenness indexes. Analysis of variance was used to calculate the difference in prevalence among sample locations. Regression correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between prevalence and chicken body weight. The results showed that there were six ectoparasite species  i.e., Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus cornutus, Lipeurus caponis, Dermanysus gallinae, Megninia ginglymura, and Haemaphysallis sp. parasitizing G. domesticus. The number of ectoparasite individuals among locations was significantly different (F 5.59 < 32.45; p <0.05). The most number of ectoparasite was found in Karangsalam (272 individuals). The most prevalent ectoparasite was M. cornutus (45%), followed by L. caponis (40%), and the lowest was M. synglineura (25%). Ectoparasite prevalence was associated with chicken weight loss (r = 0.98). The prevalence of ectoparasite of domestic chickens farm in the Banyumas Regency is classified as low but has the potential to influence body weight.

Sustainable insect supply is a routine activity in research of pest control, experimental insecticide bioassay, entomophatogen, parasitoid, and nature of competitor. Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabr.) is one of the alternative test insect. A mass rearing method is required to provide high demands of S. litura. A life table of insect is regularly used to study several biological parameters including the net reproduction rate of population (Ro), the mean length of life period in one generation (T), reproduction potential value of one generation from a population (rm), and the potential of a population to multiply in one generation (ë). The aim of this study were to asses the development time and reproduction potential of S. litura which different of artificial diets. Results showed that S. litura on artificial diet in recipe of Singh and Moore is T = 29,90, R = 2692,33, r = 0,26, ë = 1,29, o m whereas artificial diet in recipe of Waldbauer et al. is 32,29, R = 891,99, r = 0,21, ë = 1,23. o m

Nutrition indices and survivorship of Spodoptera Litura F. larvae is fed nutrition including jengkol bark extract (Pithecellobium Lobatum Benth).  The effect of  P. lobatum barks extract on nutrition indices and survivorship S. litura larvae has been investigated. Nutrition indices were observed by giving fifth-instar larvae one of the three diets, every group of diet was added various concentration of barks extract, containing either 1.10; 2.20; or 4.40%. Survivorship were observed by giving first-instar larvae one of the three diets, every group of diet was added various concentration of barks extract, containing either 0.6; 1.2; or 2.4%. The result showed that, the Relative Consumption Rate (RCR),  Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Efficiencies of food use (ECD and ECI) value of larvae treated were significantly lower in the case of treated larvae than that of the controls, Approximate Digestibility (AD) value of larvae treated were significantly higher in the case of treated larvae than that of the controls and decrease of survivorship tested larvae.

Abstract. Pratiknyo H, Setyowati EA. 2020. Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1730-1734. A karst area of Southern Gombong at altitudes of 0-500 m has a porous substrate whose soil content decreases as the altitude gets higher toward the top of the hill. This area is characterized by poor soil nutrient, but it has high CaCO3 and pH, which is not a favorable habitat for many species of termites which depend on soil substrate, as source of nutrient for community development, especially soil-feeding termites, as habitat for fungi as secondary daily diet, and as a stabilizer of the nest humidity. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in this karst area, and to determine the correlation between altitude and the termite diversity. The area was divided into 5 segments based on the altitudes, i.e., 0-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, and 400-500 m. In each segment, a transect belt, 100 m long and 2 m wide, was made. Each transect was divided into 20 sections. Termites were sampled from living trees, branches, bark, litter and soil for 30 minutes per person in each section. The data were analyzed to determine the Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H¢), Shannon-Evenness index (E), and Simpson's Dominance index, and to find the correlation between the species diversity and altitude. The results showed that the termite diversity in the study site was low. Only four termite species were found with the indexes of diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominance (D) of 1.01, 0.73 and 0.44 respectively. There was no linear correlation between termite diversity and altitude; the highest diversity was found in the middle altitudes, following the mid-domain effect model.