Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight

Riwidiharso, Edy; Darsono, Darsono; Setyowati, Endang Ariyani; Pratiknyo, Hery; Sudiana, Eming; Santoso, Slamet; Yani, Edy; Widhiono, Imam

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d210738

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interpretasi dari setiap lokasi menunjukkan bahwa lokasi I, II, dan V memiliki keanekaragaman rendah, sedangkan lokasi II dan IV memiliki keanekaragaman sedang. Semua sampel ayam diinvestasikan dengan jumlah spesies kutu parasit yang sama (tiga kutu parasit) (Riwidiharso et al, 2020).…”

Section: Caponis Diklasifikasikan Ke Dalam Classisunclassified

“…M. gallinae, L. caponis, dan M. cornutus menginfestasi di seluruh bagian tubuh ayam kampung yang diamati. Penelitian yang dilakukan Riwidiharso et al (2020) leher, dan bagian yang paling sedikit ditemukan spesies kutu adalah dada-kaki. Hasil yang sama dengan penelitian Balaira et al (2019), bahwa kutu menginfestasi paling banyak pada bagian punggung.…”

Section: Caponis Diklasifikasikan Ke Dalam Classisunclassified

“…M. cornutus paling banyak ditemukan di tubuh ayam terutama bagian kepala-leher (29 individu, 37.2%). Hasil yang sama dengan penelitianRiwidiharso et al (2020), M. cornutus menginfestasi tubuh ayam terutama bagian kepala-leher. Bagian tubuh ayam yang paling banyak ditemukan spesies kutu adalah bagian punggung, diikuti oleh kepala-…”

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Widhiono¹,

Salsabila²,

Riwidiharso³

2021

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Phthiraptera lice are the common ectoparasite that attacks domestic chickens. Parasitic lice infestation is not lethal, but it can seriously disrupt the growth of chickens. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of lice species infecting domestic chickens in five villages in Purwokerto and its surroundings and to determine the infestation intensity of each species of lice infecting the body parts of domestic chickens in five villages in Purwokerto and its surroundings. This research was conducted using survey method and random sampling techniques in five villages in Purwokerto and its surroundings, namely Kedungwuluh Village, Kedungwringin Village, Kutasari Village, Karangsalam Village, and Karanggintung Village. Lice were sampled from five female and male domestic chickens in each village. Lice sampling is carried out on the head, wings, thighs, chest and legs of the chickens. Lice samples were then observed and identified under a microscope in the Laboratory of Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, Unsoed. Lice sample data found in chickens from each location and body part were analyzed for variance using software SPSS 16 and using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The identification results showed three species of lice species (order Phthiraptera) which were found infesting domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in five villages in Purwokerto and its surroundings, namely Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, and Menacanthus cornutus. The three species of lice were the member of two families (Menoponidae and Philopteridae). Species diversity based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index shows location I (H´: 0.914), location II (H´: 0.693), location III (H´: 1.066), location IV (H´: 1.081), and location V (H ´: 0.878). Interpretation from all sites indicated that sites I, III, and V had low species diversity, while sites II and IV had moderate species diversity. The intensity of lice infestation on domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was 16.82%. The intensity of each type of lice in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was M. cornutus (32%), M. gallinae (30,9%), and L. caponis (21,2%).

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Widhiono¹,

Salsabila²,

Riwidiharso³

2021

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“…This system is considered unsuitable for elevating the productivity of native chickens because it is difficult to manage their feed consumption (FAO 2008). And domestic chickens that are released to find their own food will be vulnerable to ectoparasite attacks (Riwidiharso et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of production system on the gut microbiota diversity and IgA distribution of Kampong chickens, Indonesia

Susanti

Christijanti

2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Susanti R, Christijanti W. 2022. Effects of production system on the gut microbiota diversity and IgA distribution of Kampong chickens. Biodiversitas 23: 1082-1090. Native chickens (Kampong chickens) are poultry in Indonesia that is raised using a traditional production system. This study aimed to analyze the differences of the Kampong chicken production system (extensive/E and semi-intensive/SI) on the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota and the distribution of IgA. Each sample of Kampong chickens was slaughtered, then their thoracic and abdominal cavities were dissected, and their intestines were collected. Furthermore, the intestinal tissue was processed to make histological preparations for immunohistochemical analysis of IgA. Gut contents of 25 g were taken aseptically and used for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and GC-MS analysis. The results showed 12 bacterial phyla in the intestines of SI and E chicken. E chickens had a higher abundance and diversity of microbiota than the SI chickens. The phylum Firmicutes dominated the E and SI chickens' gut microbiota (>50%). SI chickens have a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than the E chickens. The SIgA distribution showed an IRS score of 4 (moderate), both in E and SI chickens. It was concluded that the production system affects the intestinal microbiota's abundance and diversity but not on the intestine IgA of Kampong Chickens. This study highlights that based on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, the semi-intensive system is more suitable for Kampong chicken meat and eggs than the extensive system.

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“…These chickens are typically raised using a free-range system, in which they scavenge around household compounds and feed on earthworms, insects, agricultural harvest residue, and human and animal waste. This free-range system influences the prevalence and severity of parasite attacks including ectoparasites (Riwidiharso et al 2020) and endo-and intestinal parasites (Zalizar et al 2021). Endoparasites are transmitted when chickens ingest parasite eggs directly in feces, or via food and water contaminated by feces, or by consuming grasshoppers or earthworms that carry parasites (Javaregowda et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in domestic chickens across an elevation gradient

Setyowati¹,

Santoso²,

Rokhmani³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Setyowati EA, Santoso S, Rokhmani, Rochmatino. 2022. Diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in domestic chickens across an elevation gradient. Biodiversitas 23: 3936-3942. The domestic chicken farm is negatively affected by endoparasites, which decrease immunity, egg production, and body weight. Although these effects are well understood in large-scale chicken farms, here we aimed to understand endoparasite diversity and prevalence in the context of local-scale domestic chicken farms conducted in Central Java, Indonesia, according to elevation. Chickens were sampled from three villages each in two regions; lowland in Banyumas District and highland in Purbalingga. The result showed that the diversity of endoparasite is very low (H' index: 1.3065-1.3773) and we detected only four endoparasite species (Ascaridia galli, Trichuris trichiura, Heterakis gallinarum (Nematoda), and Raillietina sp. (Cestoda) among a sample of 300 chickens. Endoparasite infection was significantly more prevalent in the lowland villages (70%) than in highland (48%,) (p < 0.05). Among endoparasites found, A. galli was the most prevalent species among all samples (50.0±0.0% of infections in the lowlands and 23.7±1.15% in the highlands) the second is H. gallinarum accounted for 38.3±7.64% of all infections in the highlands and 15.3±0.58% in the lowlands. Raillietina sp. accounted for 35.0±5.0% and 7.3±0.58% of all infections, and T. trichiura accounted for 25.0±5.0 % and 16.0±1.0%. The rate of endoparasite infection within the study area is currently moderate and mainly affected by methods of farm, our findings can serve as a baseline for controlling infection in domestic chickens.

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Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

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Effects of production system on the gut microbiota diversity and IgA distribution of Kampong chickens, Indonesia

Diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in domestic chickens across an elevation gradient

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