Keputusan administrasi negara merupakan tindakan hukum sepihak oleh pemerintah berdasarkan hukum publik. Kewenangan tindakan hukum berdasarkan hukum publik merupakan kewenangan istimewa (bijzonderrecht) pemerintah bertindak di dalam hukum. Pengertian istimewa oleh karena kewenangan itu diberikan oleh hukum publik untuk menjalankan pelayanan kepada masyarakat selaku badan penguasa. Berbeda dengan tindakan hukum privat yang diberikan oleh hukum perdata (objectieverecht) kepada para subyek hukum (subjectieverecht). Tindakan itu merupakan tindakan hukum biasa yang tidak terkait dengan suatu hal “khusus atau istimewa”.Sifat tindakan hukum dalam hal keputusan administrasi negara adalah konkrit, individual, dan final. Konkrit adalah kualifikasi tindakan hukum yang berkenaan dengan suatu peristiwa hukum tertentu, individual diartikan sebagai suatu tindakan hukum yang ditujukan kepada seseorang atau badan hukum tertentu yang dituju oleh keputusan administrasi negara, dan final yang berarti, bahwa keputusan itu tidak lagi membutuhkan peneguhan atau persetujuan dari pejabat administrasi negara yang lainnya, sehingga dengan demikian telah menimbulkan suatu akibat hukum. Kewenangan yang didistribusikan oleh undang-undangberdasarkan kewenangan atribusi, delegasi, dan mandat oleh pemerintah selaku badan penguasa diberikan kepada jabatan atau organ di dalam badan administrasi negara. Pelaksanaan kewenangan secara nyata tindakan hukum membuat keputusan administrasi negara dilakukan oleh pejabat administrasi negara. Kata Kunci: Keputusan administrasi negara, abstraksi dan konseptualisasi doktrin.
This research aims (i) to elaborate about a central government plan on repositioning the structure of inspectorate; (ii) to explain responses of some inspectorate officers regarding the plan; and (iii) to provide suggestions on the adjustment plan that should be taken into consideration by the central government. This research found that, different with the public perception, the plan is not intended to reposition all the inspectorates, rather to inspectorates attached to local governments. These inspectorates are designed to be what thecalled 'kuasi vertical institution'. Meaning, it has a mixed character of both central and local government institution. This initiation increases the the echelon of the the head of local insepectorate and influences the relation between local inspectorate and head of local government. Officers who pros with this plan believe that this will enhance their independency (nb. we believe that the used term suppose to be impartiality); therefore, they will be more immune from the intervention.
<p>The purpose of this research is to determine the nature, types, and execution of administrative court decisions, as well as the position of the Prosecutor's office in the Indonesian legal system. This research also examines the legal consequences for officials that do not adhere to administrative court decisions. This is prescriptive legal research and descriptive normative legal research, comprising a statute and case approach, with data collected from primary and secondary legal materials. Firstly, the results showed that the nature of administrative court decisions is <em>erga omnes.</em> The types of administrative court decisions are before and after the dispute subject examination. Furthermore, the execution consists of the obligation to revoke the state administrative decisions, issue new laws due to the petition for negative or positive fictitious choices, and the imposition of compensation and rehabilitation in employment disputes. Secondly, the position of the Prosecutor was categorized into executive power. Thirdly, state administrative officials are obliged to implement administrative court decisions. To not implementing the administrative court decision is a violation of the principle of legality. Legal consequences for government officials that do not subject to and are disobedient to the administrative court decision with legal force should still be imposed administrative sanctions by their superiors.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Administrative Sanctions; Administrative Court; Prosecutor’s Office.</p>
<em>This paper aimed to elaborate the participation of Adat Law Community in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to introduce new approach to replace compensation to more participative and collaborative scheme of infrastructure development in PPP. This article uses the normative legal research with the conceptual, statute, and case approach. This research show that releasing the land used for infrastructure development procurement will abolish the identity of the community. It have shown that failure in recognizing Adat Law Community as rightful party over their land neglects their right to entitle compensation. Furthermore, instead of economically compensating ulayat land of Adat Law Community used for infrastructure development, Adat Law Community’s participation shall be involved in infrastructure development on their land. The active participation of Adat Law Community can be exercised through placing the community as public entity in PPP. For comparison in China, the State does not pay according to market prices to farmers. However, it provides a compensation package that includes employment opportunities for farmers, housing compensation, compensation for crop loss, and / or granting a residence permit in urban areas. This make them eligible for their social welfare such as health insurance, pensions and / or retirement plans, access to high-quality schools and subsidized agricultural goods that were not previously available to farmers</em>
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