Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr) is one kind of medicinal plant. To obtain an active substances with good physical and chemical properties, it is needs to do optimization of making extracts, one with solvent optimization. Type of solvent will determine the types of extracted substances in accordance with the polarity. On this research, extraction of bawang tiwai bulbs simplicia by maceration method using ethanol and water as solvent. This research is an experimental research with varying ethanol and water in a three comparison solvent that is water, ethanol, and mixture of water-etanol, then the yields is calculated. Furthermore, the data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA program to determine significant differences in the three yields. In each extract was conducted phytochemical screening to determine the content of secondary metabolites. The results showed significant differences in the yield of bawang tiwai extract with three treatments and two repetitions. The results of average yields using water as solvent is 8.75%, ethanol 5.3%; and water-etanol 8.31%

One of the secondary metabolites from yellow root (Fibraurea tinctoria) that has the potential to be developed as medicine is berberine. Alkaloid class compounds are reported to have antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, intestinal parasite infection inhibitors, antihypertensives, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimalarial and anticancer properties. In the development of natural ingredients as medicine, it is necessary to standardize simplicia and extracts The research objective was to determine the characterization of specific and non-specific parameters of yellow root plants. This research is an experimental research. The object of research used yellow roots obtained from KDKT Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara district, East Kalimantan Province. Samples were made of simplicia which were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The results of the extraction were carried out by characterization including: macroscopic, microscopic, water content, water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, ash content, and acid-insoluble ash, then phytochemical screening was carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results of macroscopic characterization of yellow root simplicia powder were Liana with a length of 10-20 m, with round stems, bark grayish brown, coarse, 2-7 cm in diameter and bright yellow powder color. The simplicia powder microscopy found stone cell fragments and tracheal fragments. Characterization of simplicia powder, water content of 67.3%, ethanol soluble extract content of 6.69%, water soluble extract content of 8.05%, ash content of 7.37%, acid insoluble ash content of 0.37%. The results of the identification of the chemical compound group were positive for containing chemical compounds in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins.

Kaolin merupakan mineral tanah liat berwarna putih yang memiliki komponen terbesar berupa kaolinit dengan rumus kimia Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O. Penggunaan kaolin untuk pengobatan berawal dari literatur-literatur barat abad pertengahan, terutama setelah kemunculan pendekatan yang lebih empiris terhadap efek farmakologi, pembentukan farmakope, perkembangan mineralogi, kimia dan teknologi farmasi, kemajuan dalam teknik instrumental, dan peningkatan dari reputasi terapeutik mineral. Kaolin dengan persyaratan khusus dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi farmasi (topikal maupun oral) dan kosmetik. Kaolin telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat dalam penyembuhan tradisional selama ribuan tahun dan penggunaannya sebagai bahan aktif untuk pengobatan beberapa penyakit terus diteliti. Artikel terkait pengumpulan informasi penggunaan kaolin dalam aplikasi farmasi dan kosmetik belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga artikel ini dibuat untuk mengulas peran dan fungsi kaolin dalam aplikasi farmasi dan kosmetik. Tujuan keseluruhan dari artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang pemanfaatan dan pengembangan kaolin sebagai bahan aktif atau eksipien dalam bidang farmasi dan kosmetik. Kaolin dapat diberikan secara oral sebagai antibakteri, antivirus, dan antidiare, dan secara topikal sebagai agen pelindung dermatologis. Selain sebagai bahan aktif, kaolin juga biasa digunakan dalam aplikasi farmasi sebagai bahan eksipien. Beberapa fungsi dari kaolin sebagai eksipien yaitu sebagai bahan pengisi, agen pengemulsi, agen suspensi, dan bahan penghancur. Selain dalam aplikasi farmasi, kaolin juga digunakan dalam aplikasi kosmetik sebagai agen tabir surya dan untuk tujuan perawatan kulit. Metode penulisan artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan studi literatur dari artikel dan jurnal yang relevan dengan permasalahan yang dikaji.

Salah satu tanaman Indonesia yang bisa dimanfaatkan adalah buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Banyak penelitian yang dilakukan dengan ekstrak kulit manggis terhadap aktivitas farmakologi seperti antiinflamasi, antihistamin, antioksidan dan antimikroorganisme. Variasi pengolahan kulit buah manggis pada masyarakat Indonesia masih terbatas sehingga diperlukan pengembangan dalam bentuk sediaan lain seperti dibuat menjadi granul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah granul ekstrak kulit buah manggis menggunakan aerosil dan avicel PH 101 memenuhi persyaratan fisik granul yang baik dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi aerosil dan avicel PH 101 yang memenuhi persyaratan fisik granul ekstrak kulit buah manggis. Penelitian diawali dengan proses ekstraksi simplisia kulit buah manggis secara maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan diuapkan hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Pembuatan granul dari ekstrak kulit manggis dilakukan dengan menggunakan kombinasi antara aerosil dan avicel 101 yang divariasikan dalam 4 formula yaitu formula 1 aerosil : avicel 101(0% : 20%), formula 2 aerosil : avicel 101% (20% : 20%), formula 3 aerosil : avicel 101 (0% : 60%) dan formula 4 aerosil : avicel 101 (20% : 60%). Tahap selanjutnya granul hasil dari formulasi dievaluasi sifat fisik granul meliputi uji kandungan lembab, densitas massa, ukuran partikel dan sifat alir. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis variasi (ANAVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan konsentrasi avicel 101 : aerosil (20% : 0%) dan konsentrasi avicel 101 : aerosil (60% : 0%) granul ekstrak kulit manggis, memenuhi persyaratan, meliputi uji kandungan lembab, densitas massa, ukuran partikel dan sifat alir. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa avicel 101 mampu berperan sebagai pengikat yang baik dan kuat sekaligus sebagai penyerap cairan pada granul.Kata Kunci: granul, kulit buah manggis, aerosil, avicel pH 101

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Tahongai leaves (Kleinhovia hospita L.) is a medicinal plant that has antioxidant activity which is almost equivalent to vitamin C. The development of the dosage form to improve the utilization of these plants. Therefore Tahongai leaves made in the form Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT), which has several advantages such as more practical use because it can be consumed without the use of water and can be used by people who are hard to swallow capsules or tablets as well as having good taste in the mouth. This study was carried out experimentally using four formulas with various concentrations Explotab® ie; formula 1 (2%); formula 2 (4%); Formula 3 (6%) and the formula 4 (8%). The evaluation of ODT are uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and disintegration time.The results showed that the concentration Explotab® influence on the physical properties of ODT ie hardness, friability and disintegration time. Explotab® concentration of 4% is the best concentration that meets the requirements of the physical properties ODT Tahongai leaf extract. Keywords: Formulation, Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT), Explotab, Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita L.)

Propionibacterium acnes is one of the causes of acne. Shallot peels contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins which potentially have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the water extracts of shallot peels have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and determine the concentration which can inhibit the growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This research is an experimental study. The research stage begins with the extraction of shallot peels using in the foundation. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method with the Cup-plate technique. Propionibacterium acnes used as a sample of bacteria, with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. Positive controls used are clindamycin 150 mg and negative controls were used dimethyl sulfoxide 1% (v / v). Data were analyzed with a statistical test of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method. The measurement results inhibition zone of shallot peels water extract with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes sequentially by 12.8 mm, 13 mm, 14.33 mm and 15.50 mm in the strong category. The measurements of bacterial growth inhibition zone were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis method gained 0,053 results indicating that the test has a significant effect (P > 0.05) with a decision that means that there is no significant difference between all concentrations.

Hypertension is a condition where the pressure exceeds the normal limit. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure is still a dominant health problem and requires a good treatment. Counseling to the community of Ledok Timoho village, Muja Muju Umbulharjo Village, Yogyakarta on how to prevent and control hypertension and improve it. The method of activity used in this community service is in the form of counseling on the prevention and control of hypertension, followed by a question and answer discussion, and evaluation of activities using a questionnaire. The results of the implementation of community service showed that there was an increase in the knowledge of PKK mothers about the prevention and control of hypertension in the community from 86.30% to 100%.