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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection from Turkish women with normal and abnormal cytology.Methods: Our study population consisted of 1252 women with normal and abnormal cytology.In our clinic, cervical cancer screening was performed by liquid-based cytology testing (ThinPrep Pap Test). Reflex high-risk (HR) HPV testing (Cervista HPV HR and HPV 16/18) was performed in cases with abnormal cytology (n = 330). HR HPV testing was performed to 922 cases with normal cytology.Results: HR HPV was detected in 18.7% of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) samples, and in 79.7% of abnormal cytology cases. HPV types 16 and/or 18 were found in 18.6% and 35.3% of normal cytology cases and abnormal cytology cases, respectively. Of all 435 HR HPV-positive samples, HPV type 16 and/or 18 prevalence was significantly higher in cases with more severe cytological abnormalities. Conclusions:The HPV prevalence among Turkish women with normal and abnormal cytology identified in this study largely concurs with those in other studies throughout the world. HPV types 16 and/or 18 were detected significantly in normal cytology cases in our study. We also found that, as has been previously demonstrated, certain HPV genotypes (16/18) are associated with more severe pathologies. However, larger epidemiological studies in different regions of Turkey are needed to evaluate the accurate prevalence of HPV infection throughout the country. K E Y W O R D S cervical cytology, human papilloma virus, Turkey ;47:100-104.women and to investigate the role of HR HPV infections in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology. | MATERIALS AND METHODS | Study population and specimen preparationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Umraniye Education and Research Hospital. According to ethical standards in our country, an informed patient consent is not necessary due to the design of the retrospective study (the study database was created from a retrospective file review). Umraniye is a district of Istanbul which has received migrants from rural areas of Anatolia with low socio-economic level. The Department of Pathology's archives from November 2013 to May 2015 in the Umraniye Education and Research Hospital were searched to identify all women with cervical cytology records. Opportunistic cervical cancer screening in our hospital was performed by liquid-based cytology testing (ThinPrep Pap Test). Reflex HR HPV testing (Cervista HPV HR and Cervista HPV 16/18) was performed in all cases with abnormal cytology. Cases were selected if both molecular analysis and cytology were available. HR HPV testing was performed to 922 cases with normal cytology due to the patients' request and 412 cases with abnormal cytology. Cytological samples were classified according to the Bethesda 2001/2014 system as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), atypical squamous cells, cannot e...

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BackgroundCases with abnormal category, determined by thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), frequently undergo surgical resection, despite the majority of cases being identified as benign after resection. Additional diagnostic markers are needed to guide the management of patients with abnormal thyroid nodules.Materials and MethodsThe retrospective study enrolled 150 cases diagnosed abnormal by FNA cytology that had undergone molecular testing with three markers (BRAF V600E, NRAS, and KRAS) on the cell block. Seventy‐one cases had a surgical follow‐up.ResultsWhen NIFTP is not considered as malignant, positive predictive values (PPVs) of cytology and combined cytology and molecular testing (CC‐MT) were 67.6% (95% CI: 0.555‐0.782) and 89.2% (95% CI: 0.746‐0.970) (P = .004), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC‐MT was 68.8%, specificity was 82.5%, and the false‐positive rate was 17.4%. When NIFTP is considered as malignant, PPVs of cytology and CC‐MT were 83.1% (95% CI: 0.743‐0.918) and 94.6% (95% CI: 0.873‐1.018) (P = .047), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC‐MT was 59.3%, specificity was 83.3%, and the false‐positive rate was 16.7%.ConclusionThe addition of molecular testing with a small panel to FNA cytology may increase the PPV of cytology in abnormal categories. Small panel (BRAF V600E, KRAS, and NRAS) with high specificity and high PPVs may be used particularly for the detection of thyroid malignancy. Cell blocks can be an especially useful and straightforward method for molecular diagnostic studies.

Our results demonstrate that a finding of parakeratosis on an otherwise negative Pap smear supports a follow-up HPV DNA test. Also we should consider whether the presence of parakeratosis should be included in standard cytology reports. Additionally parakeratosis trended toward increased frequency of HSIL in follow-up biopsy specimens. But it did not reach statistical significance. That is why larger studies are necessary to evaluate the association of parakeratosis and HSIL in colposcopic biopsy specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:297-302. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background: It is known that ischemia-reperfusion damage in the kidney is one of the most common causes of acute kidney failure. It is also known that reduced renal damage has a nephroprotective effect by reducing the release of inflammatory and vasoactive peptides that cause tissue damage. Therefore, we think that reperfusion caused by ischemia in kidney damage may be an important focus for clinical research.Methods: A total of 21 healthy 230-250 g female rats were used in our experimental study. During the experiment, animals were randomly divided into three groups, each containing seven rats. Group 1: The group that underwent left nephrectomy with a sham operation. Group 2: Left renal ischemia for 60 minutes, then left nephrectomy followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion. Group 3: Left renal ischemia for 60 minutes, then reperfusion for 45 minutes, followed by left nephrectomy. In this group, sugammadex was given intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/kg at the beginning of reperfusion. In the histomorphological examination, damage findings of tubules atrophy, dilation and cast formation, tubular epithelial brush border loss and vacuolization, presence of fibrosis as interstitial structural change, capillary vasodilatation/congestion and neutrophilic cell infiltrates in interstitial spaces, and morphological changes in glomeruli were evaluated.Results: When evaluated based on tubular brush border, there were no significant differences between Group 2 and Group 1 (P = 0.454), while the damage in Group 3 was less significant than Group 2 (P = 0.017). When evaluated in terms of tubular vacuolization, there was no significant difference between Group 2 and Group 1 (P = 0.902), while the damage in Group 3 was less significant than Group 2 (P = 0.017). Conclusion:We believe that 100 mg/kg sugammadex given at the beginning of reperfusion after one hour of ischemic condition on rats has a histochemically detectable nephroprotective effect.

The goal of this study was to demonstrate the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on nasal mucosa in rats and to evaluate the radioprotective effects of the topical application of black seed oil (Nigella sativa [NS]) to treat acute radiation-induced nasal mucositis.A total of 18 rats were randomized into 3 groups, with 6 animals per group. The rats in group 1 were topically administered saline in the nasal cavity after sham irradiation. Group 2 received saline at the same dose after irradiation. Group 3 was given NS after irradiation. The rats in groups 2 and 3 were irradiated with a single dose of 40 Gy to the nasal and paranasal area. Only one drop of saline (0.05 mL) was applied to each nostril in the first, second, and third days after RT in groups 1 and 2. One drop of cold press NS (0.05 mL) was applied to each nostril in group 3. Fourteen days after irradiation, the nasal mucosal tissues were excised for histopathological evaluation. Vascular dilatation, inflammatory cell infiltration, superficial erosion, and formation of exudates were classified according to the severity.No evidence of mucositis was observed in group 1. Of all the parameters the only statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3 were observed for "superficial erosion' (P < 0.05). Overall microscopic observations in the NS-treated group were better than in group 2.The preliminary results of our study have shown that local application of NS to the nasal mucosa may be an effective treatment of acute nasal mucositis due to RT.