Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection from Turkish women with normal and abnormal cytology.Methods: Our study population consisted of 1252 women with normal and abnormal cytology.In our clinic, cervical cancer screening was performed by liquid-based cytology testing (ThinPrep Pap Test). Reflex high-risk (HR) HPV testing (Cervista HPV HR and HPV 16/18) was performed in cases with abnormal cytology (n = 330). HR HPV testing was performed to 922 cases with normal cytology.Results: HR HPV was detected in 18.7% of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) samples, and in 79.7% of abnormal cytology cases. HPV types 16 and/or 18 were found in 18.6% and 35.3% of normal cytology cases and abnormal cytology cases, respectively. Of all 435 HR HPV-positive samples, HPV type 16 and/or 18 prevalence was significantly higher in cases with more severe cytological abnormalities.
Conclusions:The HPV prevalence among Turkish women with normal and abnormal cytology identified in this study largely concurs with those in other studies throughout the world. HPV types 16 and/or 18 were detected significantly in normal cytology cases in our study. We also found that, as has been previously demonstrated, certain HPV genotypes (16/18) are associated with more severe pathologies. However, larger epidemiological studies in different regions of Turkey are needed to evaluate the accurate prevalence of HPV infection throughout the country. K E Y W O R D S cervical cytology, human papilloma virus, Turkey ;47:100-104.women and to investigate the role of HR HPV infections in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology.
| MATERIALS AND METHODS
| Study population and specimen preparationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Umraniye Education and Research Hospital. According to ethical standards in our country, an informed patient consent is not necessary due to the design of the retrospective study (the study database was created from a retrospective file review). Umraniye is a district of Istanbul which has received migrants from rural areas of Anatolia with low socio-economic level. The Department of Pathology's archives from November 2013 to May 2015 in the Umraniye Education and Research Hospital were searched to identify all women with cervical cytology records. Opportunistic cervical cancer screening in our hospital was performed by liquid-based cytology testing (ThinPrep Pap Test). Reflex HR HPV testing (Cervista HPV HR and Cervista HPV 16/18) was performed in all cases with abnormal cytology. Cases were selected if both molecular analysis and cytology were available. HR HPV testing was performed to 922 cases with normal cytology due to the patients' request and 412 cases with abnormal cytology. Cytological samples were classified according to the Bethesda 2001/2014 system as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), atypical squamous cells, cannot e...
BackgroundCases with abnormal category, determined by thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), frequently undergo surgical resection, despite the majority of cases being identified as benign after resection. Additional diagnostic markers are needed to guide the management of patients with abnormal thyroid nodules.Materials and MethodsThe retrospective study enrolled 150 cases diagnosed abnormal by FNA cytology that had undergone molecular testing with three markers (BRAF V600E, NRAS, and KRAS) on the cell block. Seventy‐one cases had a surgical follow‐up.ResultsWhen NIFTP is not considered as malignant, positive predictive values (PPVs) of cytology and combined cytology and molecular testing (CC‐MT) were 67.6% (95% CI: 0.555‐0.782) and 89.2% (95% CI: 0.746‐0.970) (P = .004), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC‐MT was 68.8%, specificity was 82.5%, and the false‐positive rate was 17.4%. When NIFTP is considered as malignant, PPVs of cytology and CC‐MT were 83.1% (95% CI: 0.743‐0.918) and 94.6% (95% CI: 0.873‐1.018) (P = .047), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC‐MT was 59.3%, specificity was 83.3%, and the false‐positive rate was 16.7%.ConclusionThe addition of molecular testing with a small panel to FNA cytology may increase the PPV of cytology in abnormal categories. Small panel (BRAF V600E, KRAS, and NRAS) with high specificity and high PPVs may be used particularly for the detection of thyroid malignancy. Cell blocks can be an especially useful and straightforward method for molecular diagnostic studies.
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