Background: Anomalous biliary opening especially the presence of the ampulla of Vater in the duodenal bulb is a very rare phenomenon. We report clinical implications, laboratory and ERCP findings and also therapeutic approaches in 53 cases.

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In this study, the composites of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin that have been formed by mixing epoxy resin with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate [glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)] were prepared in weight % ratios of 90 : 10, 80 : 20, and 70 : 30. A computer controlled analyzer with 35 MHz and a digital oscilloscope with 60 MHz were used for measuring the velocities of ultrasonic wave. The measurement of ultrasonic velocity carried out by pulse echo method at frequencies of 2.25 and 3.5 MHz at room temperature. The values of acoustic impedance (Z), Poisson ratio (l), and coefficients of elasticity (L, G, K, E) of composites were calculated by values of densities and velocities that obtained. Thus, the effect of modificating epoxy resin (DGEBA) by AGE and GMA on mechanical properties of DGEBA was investigated using the ultrasonic method. Atomic force microscopy has been used for determining the microstructure of composites. By the results obtained from the investigation, it have been established that the longitudinal and shear ultrasonic wave velocities, and the values of all the elasticity constants of DGEBA were increased by modification with AGE and GMA. Also the most suitable combination ratio for the compound of DGEBA : AGE and DGEBA : GMA has been found as 80 : 20.

Background/Aims: The incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease has decreased in recent years, but it is not so easy to make the same conclusion when complications of peptic ulcer are taken into consideration. The aim of this study is to determine the time trends in complicated peptic ulcer disease and to state the effects of H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and H. pylori eradication therapies on these complications. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated the patients who were operated on for complications (perforation, bleeding, and obstruction) of peptic ulcer for the last 50 years. Patients were grouped into four groups (G1-G4) according to the dates in which H2 receptor blockers, PPIs, and eradication regimens for H. pylori were introduced The time periods that were studied were: (G1) 1962-1980, (G2) 1981-1990, (G3) 1991-1997, and (G4) 1998-2012. Results: In total, 2953 patients were operated on for complications of peptic ulcer disease, of which 86% of the patients were male. In G1, perforation and obstruction were significantly the most frequent complications (p<0.001), followed by bleeding. In groups G2 and G3, obstruction was still the most frequent complication requiring surgery (p<0.001). In G2 and G3, obstruction was followed by perforation and bleeding, respectively. In G4, perforation was significantly the most frequent complication (p<0.001). Conclusion: From 1962 to 1990 obstruction was the most common complication requiring surgery. In the last decade, perforation became the most common complication. In contrast to reports in the literature, bleeding was the least common complication requiring surgery in Turkey.

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The effect of the binding of various polyfunctional groups to polystyrene's (PS's) aromatic ring on the elastic properties of the PS were investigated by an ultrasonic method. Various sets of samples were prepared by chemical modification of pure PSs having different molecular weights with SA, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride. The ultrasonic wave velocities of modified PSs were measured with the pulse-echo method at room temperature by a computercontrolled analyzer and a digital oscilloscope. The values of the acoustic impedance, Poisson's ratio, and elasticity constants of the samples were calculated by the measured values of the densities and sound velocities. The longitudinal and shear wave velocities and the values of all elastic constants increased with chemical modification of the pure PS.

NLR could not predict positive appendectomy rates in the geriatric population but could in the nongeriatric patient group. To find the optimal NLR levels, prospective randomized studies are needed.