A Study of The Effect of Mass Treatment of Repellent on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Larval populations was carried out during 14-week period at Laladon village Bogor. A total of 3684 respondents were treated and 202 houses were surveyed for house index (HI), container index (CI), and breteau index (BI). The results showed that long-term mass treatments were effective to decrease 64.85% of the HI, 27.15% CI and 13.57% of BI, up to three weeks after the last application of the repellent. Final checks which were done four weeks later resulted HI as low as 13.86%, CI 7.68%, and BI 3.84%, compared to those at the beginning of the survey which were 73.27%, 31.87% and 15.93%, respectively. KEY WORDS: Aedes aegypti, repellent, breteau index, container index, house index PENDAHULUAN Nyamuk Aedes aegypti (L.) Diptera : Culicidae), yang merupakan serangga vektor penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) berkembangbiak pada permukiman manusia. Penyakit DBD sejauh ini menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di kota-kota besar. Penanggulangan dan pencegahannya lebih banyak mengandalkan pada pemutusan rantai penularan melalui pengendalian A. aegypti dan A. albopictus yang keduanya berperan sebagai vektor penular DBD (WHO 2000). Upaya pengendalian nyamuk A. aegypti saat ini yang terpopuler adalah pengasapan dengan menggunakan insektisida dan gerakan 3 M yaitu menutup, menguras dan menimbun lokasi yang dapat menjadi tempat perkembangbiakan larva nyamuk. Bahkan sekarang, upaya tersebut telah berkembang menjadi 3M plus yaitu disertai dengan cara perlindungan diri lainnya yang dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat seperti penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar, aerosol, repelen dan lainnya. Umumnya repelen adalah insektisida yang dapat mencegah gigitan nyamuk. Berbagai ragam formulasi produk repelen yang ada di
Dengue fever (DF) is a health problem in Indonesia. The spread of DF occurs through mosquito vectors. Vector control is one of important methods in dengue prevention. However, the occurence of insecticide resistance leads the need of new inovation of botanical insecticide, such tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). The research aimed to know larvicidal effectivity of tobacco extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae, and also analyzed nicotine content of tobacco leaves which collected from three sites: Semarang, Temanggung, and Kendal; used experimental design and carried out on March-December 2013. Tobacco leaves was extracted with etanol then tested to Aedes aegypti 3rd instar larvae. The results showed that tobacco leaves from Temanggung was the most active as larvicides, then were followed from Semarang and Kendal. The analysis result showed that to reach 90% death from total number of larvae samples (LD90), required tobacco extract of Kendal at concentration 447ppm, Semarang 241 ppm, and Temanggung 212 ppm. Larvicidal effects of tobacco leaves extract was unproportional to the content of nicotine, such as Semarang (4,69%), Temanggung (3,61%), and Kendal (1,85%).
Abstract Vector control that used insecticides need to be substituted, because it has a negative impact for the environment and have been resistance for some areas, so it was necessary to find alternative insecticides. One of the natural insecticides was tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The chemical content of tobacco leaves included alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Nicotine was an alkaloid group compound in tobacco, thatwas a nerve poison that reacts quickly and can act as a contact poison in insects, to add the effectiveness it’s necessary change to nano particle with silver. Besides, this test used two solvents with different contains of mineral to compare the effectiveness. This study aimed to test effication of nanoinsecticide from formulation tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and silver particle for vector control of larvae Ae.aegypti. It was held at the Center for Research and Development of Disease Vector and Reservoir (B2P2VRP) with an experimental method. The results of the study showed 1,153 ppm LC50, 1,719 ppm LC90 and 1,925 ppm LC90 on solvent distilled water. LC50 of 1,641 ppm, LC90 of 10,741 ppm and LC90 of 18,295 ppm in solvent aquademineralization. Measurements of tobacco nanoinsecticides are known to be 89,2 – 112,0 run in aquadest and 89,2 -112,0 μm in aquademineralization solvents 79,0 – 143,7μm. Abstrak Pengendalian vektor menggunakan insektisida kimiawi perlu disubstisusi karena berdampak buruk pada lingkungan dan menyebabkan resistensi di beberapa daerah, sehingga perlu untuk mendapatkan insektisida alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu tanaman insektisida alam, adalah tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Kandungan kimia tembakau meliputi alkaloid, saponin, dan flavanoid. Nikotin termasuk senyawa alkaloid dalam tembakau merupakan racun syaraf dengan reaksi cepat serta dapat berfungsi sebagai racun kontak serangga. Namun, untuk menambah daya bunuhnya sebagai larvasida maka ukuran partikel alkaloid perlu dipecah contohnya dengan penambahan perak. Pemilihan perak sebagai pembentuk molekul nano, sedangkan pelarut yang digunakan yaitu akuades dan akuademineralisasi. Kedua pelarut yang digunakan merupakan pelarut standar yang mempunyai daya kelarutan tinggi dengan perbedaan kandungan mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk uji efikasi nanoinsektisida tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) yang diformulasikan dengan perak sebagai sarana pengendalian Aedes aegypti stadium pradewasa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) dengan metode eksperimental murni. Hasil penelitian didapatkan LC50 1,153 ppm, LC90 1,719 ppm pada pelarut akuademineraliasi dan LC90 1,925 ppm pada pelarut akuades. LC50 1,641 ppm, LC90 10,741 ppm dan LC90 18,295 ppm pada pelarut akuademineralisasi. Pengukuran partikel nanoinsektisida daun tembakau diketahui berukuran 89,2 - 112,0 nm pada pelarut akuades dan 89,2 -112,0 nm pada pelarut akuademineralisasi 79,0 - 143,7nm.
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