Cyclodepsipeptide are a class of natural cyclic peptides that have a wide range of biological activities, hence the potential to be developed as new drug candidates. Cyclodpesipeptides comprise a backbone of amide bonds and at least one ester moiety, thus are complex and challenging to synthesis. Generally, cyclodepsipeptides are synthesised via solid‐phase peptide synthesis, solution‐phase or a combination of solid and solution‐phase. Currently, solid‐phase peptide synthesis is more in demand, but it also has several challenges in its application especially for the cyclodepsipeptide that contains N‐methylated residues, as well as solution‐phase peptide synthesis tends to have a longer reaction step. Therefore, the combination of solid and solution‐phase peptide synthesis is a better alternative. This review discusses the synthetic strategies for cyclodepsipeptides including the preparation of precursor and macrocyclization.
Chalcone is a compound that has various biological activities. The organic synthesis approach has been widely used to obtain chalcone compouds. The aim of this research is to select the main parameters which influence chalcone synthesis. This study was conducted using Plackett-Burman experimental design. Of eleven parameters used, eight of them showed a significant effect on the yield of chalcones namely temperature, reaction time, mole number of benzaldehyde, volume of acetophenone solvent, incubation time, volume of distilled water, volume of benzaldehyde solvent, catalyst volume and dummy. In addition, the highest yield is 32.43%.
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