Chitinase is enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin, a polimer of b-1,4-N-Acetilglucosamine which is the most abundant natural resource after cellulose. Chitinolytic microorganism can be found in environment like soil and water that contain chitin, or in extreme environment which is known as thermofilic microorganism. Chitinolytic microorganism is identified by recognizing the morphological and physiological properties based on Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The sequence data of the 16S rRNA genes is determinated in the GeneBank nucleotide sequence database. Chitinase activity can be qualitatively determined from the clearance zone around the colony formed in agar medium containing colloidal chitin. Chitinase can be utilized as biocontrol agent and derivate chitin as the result of chitinase degradation which can be used in the fieltd of health, food, industry and waste management Keywords: Biocontrol, chitin, chitinase, chitinolytic microorganism
The synthesis of chalcone derivatives as target compounds and anticancer test against breast (T47D) and colon (WiDr) cell line had been performed. The synthesis was performed by Claisen-Schmidt condensation by using acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives. The anticancer activity test of chalcone derivatives was carried out by MTT assay against T47D and WiDr cell lines. The synthesis was started by reacting 4-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives such as p-anisaldehyde (chalcone A [(E)-4'-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone]), veratraldehyde (chalcone B [(E)-4'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone]), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (chalcone C [(E)-4'-hydroxy-4-chlorochalcone]) and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (chalcone D [(E)-2',4'-dihydroxy-4-chlorochalcone]) in methanol as solvent. The synthesis was carried out in alkaline condition (KOH) by stirring the mixture at room temperature for 48 h. The structures of products were identified by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. The results showed that the chalcone derivatives (A-D) were yielded in 96; 97; 96; and 93%, respectively as yellow solid. The anticancer test indicated that the chalcone D was the most active towards T47D cell line with IC50 of 42.66 μg/mL and the chalcone C was the most active against WiDr cell line with IC50 of 20.42 μg/mL.
KEYWORDSAcid-base titration requires indicators to show color change at each pH interval. Synthetic indicators applied recently have some negatives, such as chemical pollution, availability and expensive production cost. Effort to obtain natural product-based-indicator from corolla of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has been conducted. Firstly, anthocyanin contained in the Roselle's corolla was identified. Then, the indicator was obtained by extracting the corolla consecutively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol-HCl 0.5%. Then the filtrate was evaporated at 65 o C. The obtained indicator was applied in weak base-strong acid and weak acid-strong base titrations. The comparison indicators used in this research were methyl orange and phenolphthalein. The results showed that the Roselle's corolla indicator gave red color in acidic solution, while green in basic solution. Additionally, its performance is similar to that of methyl orange.
Breast cancer is one of cancer causes of death in woman. Chemotherapy is one cancer treatment give toxic effects on normal cells. Alternative of cancer treatment by using flavonoid derivative have potent anticancer to reduce side effects of cancer. Chalcone is family of flavonoid that have biological activity. Chalcone derivatives have potential compound as anticancer agent. Chalcone with the presence halogen, metoxy group in ring B is know to inhibit cancer cells. The aims of this research were to synthesize chalcone derivate with bromo, methoxy, and hyroxy group in ring chalcone and to determine the anticancer activity of chalcone derivative. The chalcone derivative was synthesized from 2-hydroxyacetophenone with 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde by Claisen-Schmidt reaction. In vitro cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell was tested by MTT assay method. The compound of 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone was yield in 78% as yellow solid. The IC50 of 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone was 42,19 µg/mL as a moderate activity to inhibiting breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxity of docorubicin againts breast cancer cell line more active than 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone with IC50 10,61 µg/mL. Doxorubicin as drug standar had better anticancer activity than 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone. Based on the IC50 value, the compound 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone has a moderate activity towards breast cancer cell lines. This study can recommend as candidate for anticancer againts breast cancer cell lines.
Synthesis of flavones and their derivatives has attracted considerable attention due to their significant pharmaceutical effects. 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone has been synthesized and its antioxidant activity has been investigated. Flavone was synthesized by oxidative cyclization of chalcone. 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone was prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenones with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehydes in the presence of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and ethanol at room temperature. Oxidative cyclization of 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone was done by using I 2 catalyst in DMSO to form 7-hydroxy-3',4'dimethoxyflavone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by means of their UV-Vis, IR, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral data. The compound was tested for their antioxidant activities by DPPH method.
ABSTRAKSintesis flavon dan turunannya telah menjadi penelitian yang menarik karena efek farmakologinya. 7-hidroksi-3',4'-dimetoksiflavon telah disintesis dan diuji aktivitas antioksidannya. Flavon ini disintesis melalui siklisasi oksidatif senyawa kalkon. 2 ',4'-dihidroksi-3,4-dimetoksikalkon disintesis melalui kondensasi Claisen-Schmidt dari 2,4-dihidroksiasetofenon dengan 3,4-dimetoksibenzaldehid dalam larutan NaOH dan etanol pada suhu ruang. Siklisasi oksidatif 2 ',. Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi berdasarkan data spektrum UV-Vis, IR, 1 H-NMR dan 13 C-NMR. Senyawa tersebut diuji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. Kata Kunci: Flavon; kalkon; kondensasi Claisen-Schmidt; aktivitas antioksidan
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