The effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder as prebiotic agent on yoghurt quality AIP Conference Proceedings 1844, 030006 (2017) Abstract. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of β-Glucan (laminaran) of LAE and LME extracts from brown algae Sargassum crassifolium using HPMS and Ultrasonication against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). The highest antibacterial activities of LME extract obtained using the HPMS method against Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus) were at 18:10 and 18.80 mm. The ultrasonication method showed a lower inhibition trend than the HPMS method, with MIC and MBC values of 250 mg/ml and 2-8 CFU/ml, respectively, in all Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The results showed that LME extract at a concentration of 250 mg/mL is bacteriostatic against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the optimum condition for Serratia marcescens to produce optimum amount of N-acetyl glucosamine using chitin isolated from tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shells. Methods:This research was conducted using submerged fermentation method. The treatments used were various fermentation temperatures (20, 30, and 37°C), pH (6, 7, and 8), and incubation period (2, 4, 6, and 8 days).Results: Chitinolytic index of Serratia marcescens was 2.203±0.59 after 2 days of incubation. Optimum temperature for N-acetyl glucosamine production using S. marcescens was at 30°C. Optimum pH and incubation period for N-acetyl glucosamine production were at pH 8 and 6 days of incubation period.Conclusion: S. marcescens is able to ferment chitin from shrimp shell to produce N-acetyl glucosamine of 41,166.11±4,480.59 mg/l at optimum fermentation condition.

Bakasang is a traditional fermented fish product which is often used as condiments. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and potential ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor of bakasang. Color and viscosity were physical characteristics measured in which color was presented in value of L* (36.05), a* (18.76), b* (15.65), while viscosity value was 6 950 cP. The result of chemical characteristics including salinity, acidity, pH, TVB-N and LAB were 72 %, 2.56 %, 4.66, 36.88 mg N per 100 g and 3.32 log CFU g–1 respectively. Proximate and amino acid compositions analysis were also identified, resulting in 14.77 % protein, 1.11 % fat, 57.15 % moisture, 25.97 % ash and 1.00 % carbohydrate while the predominant amino acid found was histidine. The ACE inhibitory activity of the isolated bioactive peptides of bakasang was 68.80 %.

Fish bone flour of Madidihang -yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre) contains minerals, especially high calcium and phosphorus, and properly used in food products, as feed or supplement. This study aimed to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of Madidihang fish bone flour processed with water and acetic acid. The method used in the study is an experimental method by boiling the bones of Madidihang using water and acetic acid. Observed physic parameters are rate of whiteness, absorbency and camba density while chemical parameters are content of moisture, ash, fat, protein, levels and solubility of calcium and phosphor. The results show that Ca and P parameters were indifferences but solubility of Ca and P are very influential.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prebiotic activity based on the change in cell biomass of the probiotic strain after 24 hours growth in the presence of Laminaran from Sargassum crassifolium with the methods of Laminaran Acid Extract (LAE) and Laminaran Modified Extract (LME), inulin, or glucose-relative against the change in cell biomass of Escherichia coli FNCC 0091 grown under the same condition. Prebiotic activity was calculated for L. plantarum FNCC 0051 and Bifidobacterium longum FNCC 1081. The results showed that the increasing cell number of L. plantarum was higher in both substrates LAE and LME (0.58 and 2.03 log cycle), whereas that of B. longum was lower. The higher prebiotic activity score obtained for L. plantarum and B. longum grown on LME were positive (0.26 and 0.96 log cycle), whereas the lowest score was for L. plantarum and B. longum grown on LAE, which were negative (-0.35 and -0.31 log cycle), but the higher prebiotic activity score was obtained for inulin (4.08 and 4.78 log cycle). It could be concluded that Laminaran Modified Extract (LME) had potential as prebiotic source, but its potential was lower than inulin.