PrefaceMicrodosimetry originated more than 35 years ago when the senior author studied energy deposition in small irradiated masses and formulated what is now termed Regional Microdosimetry. A.M. Kellerer developed the further concepts of Structural Microdosimetry. Microdosimetry and its applications have been the subject of an extensive literature. This includes several hundred papers which have appeared in the Proceedings of what to date have been eleven Symposia on Microdosimetry. General reviews are contained in chapters of books and in a journal dealing with a broader range of subjects. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements has produced Report 36 on Microdosimetry. The form of these publications limited their scope and in this work it is our aim to provide a more comprehensive account.Dealing extensively with interdisciplinary matters (from atomic and solid state physics to integral geometry and molecular biology) we were confronted with the standard problem of presenting material in a manner that makes it comprehensible to readers with diverse backgrounds, without providing a superficial treatise. Although some readers may find it too difficult to absorb the entire contents of some chapters, they should be able to gain substantial information from introductory sections and from data presented. Occasional repetitions, including identical formulae, have reduced the need for cross-references between chapters.With the exception of chapter III it is recommended to read the book sequentially; this appeared to us to be the logical way of learning microdosimetry. The conceptual framework of microdosimetry is introduced in the first two chapters. At this stage of the presentation the details of energy deposition in matter are unimportant. The fourth and fifth chapter are the twin workhorses of microdosimetry. The fourth chapter is about the art of measuring microdosirnetric spectra. It gives details on the construction and operation of microdosimetric detectors. It also makes aware both the experimentalist and the theorist that what one measures may sometimes be different from the actual pattern of energy deposition. The material in Chapter V, the theoretical companion of the preceding chapter, comes as a result of the tremendous progress made during the past 20 years or so in obtaining cross sections for the interaction of charged particles with matter, and of the subsequent effort made to integrate these into sophisticated Monte Carlo transport codes that simulate the passage of particles through structured or unstructured matter. This chapter also brings forth the two VI Preface complementary descriptions of microdosimetric events: regional microdosimetry and structural microdosimetry. The applications of microdosimetry are described in the last two chapters. The selection of topics here reflects the research interests of the authors and also the need to provide this information within the limitations of a single volume. As a result the list of topics here should be seen as illustrative...

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Dose-response curves for pink somatic mutations in Tradescantia stamen hairs were analyzed after neutron and x-ray irradiation with doses ranging from a fraction of a rad to the region of saturation. The dose-effect relation for neutrons indicates a linear dependence from 0.01 to 8 rads; between 0.25 and 5 rads a linear dependence is indicated for x-rays also. As a consequence the relative biological effectiveness reaches a constant value (about 50) at low doses. The observations are in good agreement with the predictions of the theory of dual radiation action and support its interpretation of the effects of radiation on higher organisms. The doubling dose of x-rays was found to be nearly I rad.

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Neutron and y-ray-absorbed dose distributions near a 252Cf needle source have been measured in a large tissue-equivalent liquid phantom using very t h , parallel plate, tissue-equivalent and aluminium gas multiplication ionization chambers. The results are in substantially better agreement with recently calculated values than with previously published measurements.

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