The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804838.The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics underscore the urgent need for new alternative antibacterial agents. Recent studies on the application of nanomaterials as antibacterial agents have demonstrated their great potential for management of infectious diseases. Among these antibacterial nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and relatively higher biosafety. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent research progress on antibacterial CNMs is provided, starting with a brief description of the different kinds of CNMs with respect to their physicochemical characteristics. Then, a detailed introduction to the various mechanisms underlying antibacterial activity in these materials is given, including physical/mechanical damage, oxidative stress, photothermal/photocatalytic effect, lipid extraction, inhibition of bacterial metabolism, isolation by wrapping, and the synergistic effect when CNMs are used in combination with other antibacterial materials, followed by a summary of the influence of the physicochemical properties of CNMs on their antibacterial activity. Finally, the current challenges and an outlook for the development of more effective and safer antibacterial CNMs are discussed.

A novel material with a large two-photon absorption cross-section was conjugated with a typical photosensitizer for inducing a FRET process. The photosensitizer can be excited by a one-/two-photon laser and then induced photo-toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The system presents great potential for improving treatment depth and the precision of traditional photodynamic therapy.

Twenty two crude ethanolic extracts from 14 indigenous medicinal plants were subjected to enzyme inhibition screening against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase enzymes (LO). Three extracts showed activity against AChE, nine extracts were found to be active against BChE and four extracts inhibited the enzyme LO. The most significant inhibition activities (> or =50%) were found in extracts derived from Aloe vera (leaves), Alpinia galanga (rhizome), Curcuma longa (rhizome), Cymbopogon citratus (leaves), Ocimum americanum (leaves), Ocimum americanum (stem) and Withania somnifera (roots).

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The project was intended to the phytochemical characterisation from the rudimentary methanolic extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn., which escorts to the isolation of stigmasterol (1), β-sitosterol (2), octadecanoic acid (3), scopoletin (4) and 1-piperoylpiperidine (5). Literature validates the medicinal authentication of these compounds extorted from other sources, while our previous findings regarding microbial activities of different solvent systems fractions are favouring the presence of medicinally important compounds in this species. Herein, however, we report these natural products for the first time from this species.

Globally infectious diseases are among the factors underlying deaths and are associated with approximately one-half of all mortalities in tropical countries. New, more effective and yet safe therapeutic agents are critical issues to manage challenging infectious diseases 1,2. Poor communities especially belonging to small isolated villages and native people in developing countries mainly use folk medicine for treatment of infectious diseases 2. Medicinal plants are consumed as decoctions, teas and juice preparations to treat respiratory infections or as a poultice and applied directly on the infected wounds or burns 1,2. So far extensive work has been done and still going on for the search of bioactive compounds to treat microbial infections as more effective and safer therapeutic agents. Chenopodium ambrosioides is an important medicinal plant widely used in the traditional medicine system in Europe, Asia, North and South America. It is a member of family, Chenopodiaceae. This plant is widely distributed in Baluchistan,