Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots coupled with photosensitizers for one-/two-photon activated photodynamic therapy based on a FRET mechanism

Sun, Jiaheng; Qi, Xin; Yang, Yang; Shah, Hameed; Cao, Hongqian; Qi, Yanfei; Gong, Jian; Li, Junbai

doi:10.1039/c7cc08820e

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Coupling graphene quantum dots with a photosensitizer can increase singlet oxygen generation above the amount produced by either compound alone and promote cellular toxicity (9)(10)(11)(12). The photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB), exhibits limited ability to permeate cell membranes, but can enter some cancer cells, and upon exposure to light cause significant production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill the malignant cells (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Properties of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot and Methylene Blue Preparations in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Culture

Monroe

Belekov

et al. 2019

Photochem & Photobiology

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a field with many applications including chemotherapy. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit a variety of unique properties and can be used in PDT to generate singlet oxygen that destroys pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells. The PDT agent, methylene blue (MB), like GQDs, has been successfully exploited to destroy bacteria and cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species generation. Recently, combinations of GQDs and MB have been shown to destroy pathogenic bacteria via increased singlet oxygen generation. Here, we performed a spectrophotometric assay to detect and measure the uptake of GQDs, MB and several GQD‐MB combinations in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Then, we used a cell counting method to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GQDs, MB and a 1:1 GQD:MB preparation. Singlet oxygen generation in cells was then detected and measured using singlet oxygen sensor green. The dye, H2DCFDA, was used to measure reactive oxygen species production. We found that GQD and MB uptake into MCF‐7 cells occurred, but that MB, followed by 1:1 GQD:MB, caused superior cytotoxicity and singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species generation. Our results suggest that methylene blue's effect against MCF‐7 cells is not potentiated by GQDs, either in light or dark conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Properties of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot and Methylene Blue Preparations in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Culture

Monroe

Belekov

et al. 2019

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…[32b,78] With regard to semiconductor NPs such as ZnO, CNMs (e.g., GQDs) function not only as support materials to help stabilization of ZnO NPs, but also as regulators to enhance the charge separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs during the photodynamic antibacterial process (Figure d). [32c] For an organic PS such as Rose Bengal, two‐photon activated photodynamic activity can be obtained following coupling with nitrogen‐doped GQDs (N‐GQDs) based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect; this effect can be exploited in photodynamic antibacterial applications . Moreover, by loading magnetic Fe 3 O 4 NPs onto the CNM surface, an antibacterial platform can be constructed, which can be recycled by applying a magnetic field (Figure d) .…”

Section: Antibacterial Mechanisms Of Cnmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials

et al. 2018

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804838.The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics underscore the urgent need for new alternative antibacterial agents. Recent studies on the application of nanomaterials as antibacterial agents have demonstrated their great potential for management of infectious diseases. Among these antibacterial nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and relatively higher biosafety. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent research progress on antibacterial CNMs is provided, starting with a brief description of the different kinds of CNMs with respect to their physicochemical characteristics. Then, a detailed introduction to the various mechanisms underlying antibacterial activity in these materials is given, including physical/mechanical damage, oxidative stress, photothermal/photocatalytic effect, lipid extraction, inhibition of bacterial metabolism, isolation by wrapping, and the synergistic effect when CNMs are used in combination with other antibacterial materials, followed by a summary of the influence of the physicochemical properties of CNMs on their antibacterial activity. Finally, the current challenges and an outlook for the development of more effective and safer antibacterial CNMs are discussed.

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Section: Cds For Tumor Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, TMPyP–CDs were used for TPE‐based PDT and had a higher yield of 1 O 2 than that of free TMPyP free under a 700 nm femtosecond laser. Recently, Gong and co‐workers fabricated a FRET system, N‐GQD–RB, as shown in Figure b, consisting of nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (N‐GQDs, as donor) and Rose Bengal (RB, as acceptor) . In addition to the high phototoxicity under one‐photon laser irradiation, that of two photon–induced PDT was proven by a small amount of drug under a low dose of two‐photon irradiation.…”

Section: Cds For Tumor Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots for In Vivo Bioimaging and Theranostics

Fan

et al. 2019

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Carbon dots (CDs), a kind of carbon material discovered accidentally, exhibit unexpected advantages in fluorescence imaging/sensing such as photostability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. For emerging theranostics, an interdiscipline created by integrating therapy and diagnostics, CDs are good candidates when they are combined with targeted chemo/gene/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic moieties. Here, the development of CDs in nanomedicine is reviewed from their use as original imaging agents and/or drug carriers to multifunctional theranostic systems. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the next‐generation of CD‐based theranostics for clinical applications are also discussed.

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Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots coupled with photosensitizers for one-/two-photon activated photodynamic therapy based on a FRET mechanism

Cited by 47 publications

References 34 publications

Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Properties of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot and Methylene Blue Preparations in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Culture

Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Properties of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot and Methylene Blue Preparations in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Culture

Antibacterial Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials

Carbon Dots for In Vivo Bioimaging and Theranostics

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