Reducing the size, weight, and cost of components is a critical part of the widespread adoption of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs).The new FCV, "MIRAI" developed by Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) features a compact fuel cell (FC) and shares the power control unit (PCU), motor, and battery adopted on mass-production hybrid vehicles (HVs). It also incorporates a newly developed boost converter that steps up the voltage from the FC, called the FC DC-DC converter (FDC).The role of FDC is to pass the high power generated by the FC to the motor. Because of the high power requirement, a major challenge was developing countermeasures to limit component size. This was achieved by adopting a multi-phase converter and an innovative cooling structure.Several other refinements were made to FDC, including enabling highly efficient drive by optimizing the number of drive phases in accordance with the load and randomly varying the switching frequency to reduce noise and vibration (NV).
The two‐step thermal anneal has been investigated in detail for the control of oxygen precipitation. The correlations of interstitial oxygen reduction after the two‐step thermal anneal, the interstitial oxygen in the as‐grown wafer, and the microdefect density are made clear. There is a critical oxygen concentration for the oxygen precipitation. It depends on the first step annealing time and the substitutional carbon concentration. The two‐step thermal anneal was applied successfully to a CCD image sensor and CMOS LSI to improve their performance.
Long-toss throwing is a baseball exercise that enhances the throwing performance of youth players. However, throwing kinematics and kinetics have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to analyze the effect of throwing kinematics and kinetics on different ranges of long toss in 22 youth players of the same age. The throwing motion was analyzed as the range of long toss was increased by 10 m each time until the ball did not directly reach the target. The twelve subjects who could throw long distances had a significantly larger physique and larger throwing kinematics and kinetics compared to the other 10 subjects who could not. No differences in the proximal force of the shoulder and elbow joints were observed between the two groups. These findings suggest that baseball coaches should set a suitable range of long toss for youth players according to the individual’s physical growth and strength.
We have successfully achieved a very high contrast ratio of over 700:1 without attaching optical compensation films. This good contrast ratio is much higher than that for commercially available projection displays whose typical contrast ratios are about 400:1. A novel light-shielding structure has been employed in order to realize the excellent performance that has been brought by suppressing low photo leakage current in the TFTs for the LCLVs.
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