Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis) is the most crucial limiting variable for decreasing yield levels of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) around the world. A set of 20 diverse lentil genotypes comprising breeding lines and released varieties was evaluated, along with susceptible controls, for resistance to fusarium wilt through natural incidence for two continuous years (2010–11 and 2011–12) in six diverse lentil-growing environments in India. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype (G) and environment (E) for disease incidence was highly significant. Among the three sources of variation, the biggest contribution in disease occurrence was accounted for by environment (54.68%), followed by G × E interaction (17.32%). The high G × E variation necessitated assessment of the genotypes at different locations (environments). GGE biplot analysis of the studied genotypes revealed that genotype PL 101 and released cultivar L 4076 had low levels of disease incidence. The sources of resistance to fusarium wilt have great potential for use in lentil-breeding programs. Another biplot of relationships among environments demonstrated that, among the test locations, Sehore and Faizabad, were the most effective for differentiation of genotypes. On the basis of discriminating ability and representativeness, the Sehore location appeared an ideal testing site for natural incidence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis.

No abstract

A total of 15 years of experimentation period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) was divided into two phases. In the first phase (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005), five mango based agri-horticultural models (AHM) viz. Mango ? cowpea-toria, mango ? cluster bean/okra-toria, mango ? sesametoria, mango ? black gram-toria and mango ? pigeon pea in addition to sole mango plantation (no intercrop) and in second phase (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), two mango based AHM (mango ? colocasia and mango ? turmeric) in addition to sole mango (no intercrop) were studied. The mean maximum cowpea equivalent yield (t ha -1 ) was harvested from cowpea (1.84) followed by okra (1.21), black gram (1.11), sesame (0.68) and mean minimum with pigeon pea (0.58). The crop yield reduction among the mango based AHM was observed from third year to tenth year. The positive correlation was found between light transmission and intercrops yields amongst all models during both phases. However, the correlation between mango canopy spread and intercrop yields shown negative trends. The yield reduction in intercrops varied from 37.0-52.6 % during first phase and 20.6-23.5 % during second phase of experimentation compared to sole crop. The results revealed that the fruit based AHM were effective in improving fruit yields of the mango. The mean maximum fruit yield of mango (7.02 t ha -1 ) was harvested with cowpea-toria crop rotation followed by black gram-toria (6.59 t ha -1 ) and minimum fruit yield (5.76 t ha -1 ) realized with sole mango tree during first phase (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005). Likewise, mean maximum fruit yield (13.71 t ha -1 ) from mango tree was obtained in the turmeric block followed by (13.00 t ha -1 ) in colocasia block and minimum fruit yield with sole mango tree (11.86 t ha -1 ). All the treatments of AHM recorded higher soil moisture as compared to sole mango plantation during both phases. The moisture retention under different AHM was in the order of cowpea (13.32 cm) [ black gram (13.29 cm) [ pigeon pea (13.27 cm) [ okra (12.42 cm) [ sesame (12.17 cm) [ sole mango (11.62 cm) during first phase, whereas moisture retention was observed in the order of turmeric (14.20 cm) [ colocasia (14.01 cm) [ sole mango (12.60 cm) during second phase. The cowpea-toria crop rotation with mango gave maximum benefit: cost ratio followed by okra-toria under rainfed conditions. Besides economic viability of cowpeatoria with mango, this system had improved tree growth as well as fruit yield of mango. In the second phase, mango ? turmeric yielded more benefit than mango ? colocasia system. In the first phase, the mango ? cowpea-toria system improved organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduced pH by 49.0, 56.3, 48.6, 58.5 and 11.6 %, respectively as compared to initial values whereas mango ? turmeric system increased organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduction in pH by 51.0, 45.0, 29.7, 29.0 and 3.4 %, ...

Sixty-six bush type advance breeding lines of vegetable cowpea developed at ICAR -Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi were evaluated for different horticultural traits for genetic variability, character association, causeeffect analysis and genetic diversity among the genotypes through D 2 statistics. High values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, heritability (h 2 B) and genetic advance were recorded for pod yield per plant, number of peduncles and pods per plant, peduncle length, number of primary branches per plant, pod length, pod weight and number of seeds per pod. Pod yield per plant showed strong positive correlation with number of peduncles and pods per plant, pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of primary branches per plant, while negative correlation with days to 50% flowering at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The maximum direct positive effect on pod yield per plant was found contributed by number of pods per plant followed by pod weight. Based on degree of divergence the genotypes get grouped into seventeen clusters. The top three characters which contributed most towards the genetic divergence were number of peduncles per plant, peduncle length and pod length. The genotypes of cluster VII showed maximum genetic divergence with genotypes of cluster VIII. Further, cluster VII had the high yielding genotypes, while cluster XVII had early flowering genotypes. Thus, crossing between genotypes of these groups may result in high yielding early genotypes.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Wilt in brinjal has become more damaging in the red lateritic soil of Jharkhand due to the prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum making it wilt complex disease. Out of six organic amendments tested soil application of neem cake (5q/ha) proved to be the most effective treatment to minimize wilt incidence (26.3%) and increased fruit yield (19.23 kg/plot). Among the five fungicides viz; carbendazim, mancozeb, tricyclazole, blitox, oxathiin and streptocycline, seedling dip with mancozeb (2.5g/l) was most effective and showed least wilt incidence (24.21%) with highest fruit yield (21.59 kg/ plot) which was significantly at par with blitox-50. Among four bioagents viz; Trichoderma viride (TvD) Delhi isolate, Trichoderma harzianum Ranchi isolate(ThR), Trichoderma harzianum (ThD) Delhi isolate and Pseudomonas fluorescens Delhi (PfD) isolate soil application of precolonized ThD proved to be most effective in reducing wilt severity (16.15%) and highest fruit yield (24.79 kg/plot)were recorded. In the integrated approach of chemicals with bioagents and organic amendments under field condition among all the combinations, minimum wilt incidence (20.34%) was recorded in neem cake precolonized with ThD + seedling dip in copper oxychloride (0.3%). This treatment also provided the highest fruit yield (24.97 kg).