Nitrogen (N), the building block of plant proteins and enzymes, is an essential macronutrient for plant functions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different N application rates (28, 57, 85, 114, 142, 171, and 200 kg ha −1 ) on the performance of spring wheat (cv. Ujala-2016) during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. A control without N application was kept for comparison. Two years mean data showed optimum seed yield (5,461.3 kg ha −1 ) for N-application at 142 kg ha −1 whereas application of lower and higher rates of N did not result in significant and economically higher seed yield. A higher seed yield was obtained in the 2017-2018 (5,595 kg ha −1 ) than in the 2018-2019 (5,328 kg ha −1 ) growing seasons under an N application of 142 kg ha −1 . It was attributed to the greater number of growing degree days in the first (1,942.35°C days) than in the second year (1,813.75°C). Higher rates of N (171 and 200 kg ha −1 ) than 142 kg ha −1 produced more number of tillers (i.e., 948,300 and 666,650 ha −1 , respectively). However, this increase did not contribute in achieving higher yields. Application of 142, 171, and 200 kg ha −1 resulted in 14.15%, 15.0% and 15.35% grain protein concentrations in comparison to 13.15% with the application of 114 kg ha −1 . It is concluded that the application of N at 142 kg ha −1 could be beneficial for attaining higher grain yields and protein concentrations of wheat cultivar Ujala-2016.
Transition metal complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions with the general stoichiometry [M(L)X]X and [M(L)SO 4 ], where M = Ni(II) and Cu(II), L = (1E)-N-((5-((E)-(2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolineimino)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolineamine and X = Cl − , NO 3 − and SO 4 2− , have been synthesized and characterized. The synthesized ligand and metal complexes were characterized by 1 H NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectra and EPR. In molecular modelling, the geometries of the Schiff's base and metal complexes were fully optimized with respect to the energy using the 6-31g(d,p) basis set. The nickel(II) complexes were found to have octahedral geometry, whereas the copper(II) complexes were of tetragonal geometry. The covalency factor (β) and orbital reduction factor (k) suggest the covalent nature of the complexes. To develop broad spectrum new molecules against seed-borne fungi, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ligand and its metal complexes was evaluated by the serial dilution method.
Phomopsis vexans is an important seed-borne pathogen and it is highly detrimental to brinjal crop. Among seventeen brinjal genotypes studied for the effect of fruit rot on the seed quality parameters using infected and healthy seeds, the germination percentage of infected seeds is relatively lower than the healthy seeds. The reduction in germination percentage of diseased seeds varied between 14 to 67%. Seed quality parameters like germination and vigour were negatively correlated and the electrical conductivity was positively correlated with fruit rot incidence. This shows that a higher incidence of pathogens will lower the viability and vigour of seeds and the infection level is also dependent on genotype and the environmental condition. The three known biocontrol agents were analyzed by using the dual culture technique for the antagonistic effect on the pathogens. The results showed that out of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum showed maximum antagonistic effect followed by Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus subtilis. Different modes of action like mycoparasitism, competition, antibiosis and production of antibiotics and secondary metabolites like harzianiol may act as inhibitors against Phomopsis vexans.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.