and three landraces from Sinai (El-Kheroba, El-Sheikh Zuwaid, and Wadi Sedr) were carried out using two molecular genetic markers (RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR). The genetic distance between Ten genotype was also estimated from banding patterns Twenty two random primers were used in RAPD revealed 316 bands while 159 bands were detected of ISSR analysis using 10 primers. RAPD analysis among ten genotypes showed 41.77% polymorphism, while ISSR analysis showed 62.02% polymorphism. It was found that, ISSR was a more viable marker than RAPD in the detection of the genetic variability among Hordeum vulgare (barley) varieties. The genetic distance tree was detected using UPGMA based on both molecular markers (RAPD and ISSR) and analysis of combined data.In addition, the Band Shearing index (BSI) factor was calculated shows a marked difference between the ten genotypes, seven cultivars and three landraces of studied Hordeum vulgare where BSI average reach 1.42% with RAPD markers while reaching 0.93 % in ISSR. The obtained data indicated that both RAPD and ISSR markers are efficient in identification and differentiation between selected taxa, but the efficiency of ISSR was the best one. Also, the present results, enhancing the available knowledge of Hordeum vulgare genetic resources in Egypt, which may contribute to their conservation and utilization in breeding programs.

No abstract

No abstract

Genetic variations and phytochemical constituents of Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum dentifolium, collected from Hurghada and Abu-Qir bay, were investigated. Results revealed an increase in the concentrations of carotenoids, sugars and DPPH% in the samples of both algal species collected from Hurghada as compared with those collected from Abu-Qir. Regarding the samples collected from Hurghada, an increase in the concentrations of chlorophyll a, b and phenols was recorded in S. dentifolium; while a decrease in chlorophyll a, b only was observed in D. dichotoma. No significant difference was observed in phenol concentrations between D. dichotoma samples collected from the two studied localities. DNA was isolated and thirteen SCoT molecular markers were used to detect the genetic variations between the samples of the two localities. In D. dichotoma, the total average of polymorphism is 56.68%. SCoT-1 exhibited the highest polymorphism (80%), while SCoT-28 recorded the lowest polymorphism (35.71%). In S. dentifolium, the total average of polymorphism is 61.63%. SCoT-3 showed the highest polymorphism (90%), while SCoT-13 exhibited the lowest polymorphism (0.09%). In addition, BSI factor showed a marked difference between the two studied algae that it was 0.87 % in D. dichotoma and 0.77 % in S. dentifolium. Variation in geographical location affects genetic variation and phytochemical composition of D. dichotoma and S. dentifolium. The difference in the responses of the two studied algae to the change of locality and environmental conditions may reflect differences in their gene expression. Moreover, the efficiency of SCoT markers to discriminate between algal species collected from different localities has been confirmed.

Phenetic and phylogenetic relationships between ten Hordeum vulgare L. taxa, seven cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 126, Giza 127, Giza 128, Giza 129, Giza 130 and Giza 2000) and three landraces collected from Sinai (El-Kheroba, El-Sheikh Zuwaid and Wadi Sedr). This study was carried out using morphological criteria, molecular genetic markers (SSRs) and finally soluble protein patterns. The results of morphological traits reflected that Giza 2000 and Wadi Sedr gave superior in vegetative growth and yield productivity in contrast to Giza 129, which showed an inferior vegetative growth and yield. The SSR analyses using 7 primers and revealed detection of a total of 15 bands, among which 8 bands (61.22%) were polymorphic. Finally, we can conclude that genetic dissimilarity tree was produced by the hierarchical cluster analysis based on morphological data stated the pedigree of studied cultivars. However, the genetic similarity tree was produced by UPGMA based on molecular markers (SSRs) and soluble proteins patterns were not in full agreement with the pedigree.

Barley possesses the highest level of salt tolerance among cereals, thus it is used as an important species to investigate mechanisms involved in salt tolerance. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of salt stress by different NaCl concentrations (0, 9000, 12000, and 15000 ppm) on proline production and it was found that there is a positive correlation between proline production and salinity. Also study the effect of salinity on BADH-1 gene expression by Real-Time PCR, where this gene was performed and it was aligned in GenBank. The sequencing was translated into amino acid sequences and these amino acid sequences were aligned in GenBank. Finally, the secondary structure of BADH-1 enzyme was determined from the most tolerant barley (Giza 2000 and Wadi Sedr) and sensitive barley Giza 129 cultivars, then sequencing translated into amino acid sequences and these sequences were aligned in GenBank. Finally, the secondary structure of BADH-1 enzyme was determined. These isolated genes were submitted in GenBank under accession numbers KX433169,

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most ancient cultivated fruit crops belong to family Arecaceae. It is mainly grown in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa (Barrow, 1998;Zohary and Hopf, 2000;Chao and Krueger, 2007). Egypt is the world's largest date palm average yield producers, representing about 20% of global production (FAO, 2014). Biodiversity conservation of date palm is a crucial concern to maintain the diverse number of date palm cultivars in Egypt (Rizk et al., 2004). Progress in any genetic conservation scheme relies on understanding the genetic variation existing in the gene pool (