Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major forage crop of family Fabaceae and is frequently cultivated in Egypt. The present study is concerned with the genetic discrimination of fifteen alfalfa cultivars from three different countries (Egypt, Australia, and USA) using two molecular approaches: inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and two chloroplast DNA barcodes matK and the trnH in addition to the analysis of fifteen morpho-agronomic traits. The genetic relatedness, based on analysis of IRAP marker polymorphism and produced using eleven primers by clustering via principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate heatmap biostatistical methods differentiated the two Egyptian cultivars EGY1-Ismailia1 and EGY2-Nubaria1 from the three Australian and seven American cultivars, with some distinction of the cv. USA6-SW9720 and cv. AUS4-SuperFast. The results were also supported by the sequence analysis of the matK and the trnH genes on the genetic relatedness between eight cultivars. Moreover, it might be suggested that breeding lines from M. sativa cultivars may provide novel insights and a better understanding of the domestication of M. sativa genetic diversity. The classification of the eight cultivars, as revealed by morpho-agronomic traits, confirmed the close genetic relationship between the two Egyptian cultivars and indicated some resemblance between them and the AUS2-Siri Nafa, whereas the two American cultivars, USA1-Super supreme and USA4-Cuf101, were clearly isolated from a cluster of other three cultivars USA7-SW9628, USA8-Magna901, and USA9-Perfect. The results are useful sources of genetic information for future breeding programs in crop development and open new possibilities of producing M. sativa lines harboring high forage quality, productivity, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Eighteen Lupinus albus L. accessions were provided by the National Gene Bank (NGB), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt. Accession numbers, collection dates and sites are listed in Table (1). The two cultivars Giza 1 and Giza 2 were developed through individual selection from local landraces; Giza 1 is adapted for cultivation in northern region of Egypt, whereas Giza 2 is adapted for Upper Egypt region planting. Both cultivars are tolerant to wilt disease (Hefny, 2011). The local commercial varieties, lines 3, 15 and 21 are breeding lines under investigation that are developed by Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt. Methods Genomic DNA extraction, purification and quantification The CTAB protocol was adapted, according to Doyle and Doyle (1990) to

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is related to the family Arecaceae, which is considered one of the most ancient economically cultivated crops. Mainly, it is grown in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. The crucial matter in maintaining the diverse number of date palm cultivars in Egypt is its biodiversity conservation of it. In order to progress programs and cultivar characterization and conservation to combat genetic erosion, we must estimate the genetic variability and right date palm cultivar identification this is the important point to present a comprehensive investigation for Egyptian date palm genome variations and develop novel DNA markers (SNPs and indels) in four date palm cultivars using SOLiD sequencing.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most ancient cultivated fruit crops belong to family Arecaceae. It is mainly grown in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa (Barrow, 1998;Zohary and Hopf, 2000;Chao and Krueger, 2007). Egypt is the world's largest date palm average yield producers, representing about 20% of global production (FAO, 2014). Biodiversity conservation of date palm is a crucial concern to maintain the diverse number of date palm cultivars in Egypt (Rizk et al., 2004). Progress in any genetic conservation scheme relies on understanding the genetic variation existing in the gene pool (