BITTRICH, V. & HARTMANN, H. E. K., 1988. The Aizoacea—a new approach. The history of the Aizoaceae Rudolphi in its various circumscriptions is reviewed, and the monophyly of the Aizoaceae sensu stricto after exclusion of Molluginaceae is demonstrated. A subdivision of the family and the relevant synapomorphic character expressions are discussed. Five subfamilies are recognized, namely the Aizooideae, the Aptenioideae Schwantes ex Bittrich & H. E. K. Hartrnann, the Ruschioideae Schwantes ex Bittrich & H. E. K. Hartmann, the Sesuvioideae Lindley, and the Tetragonioideae Lindley. The position of the Aizoaceae sensu stricto within the Centrospermae is discussed.

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Gisekia represents an isolated C4 lineage within core Caryophyllales dating back to the Miocene Epoch and probably spread along the African arid corridor from a South African center of origin. The seven currently recognized species should be treated as one polymorphic species or species complex, Gisekia pharnaceoides agg.