The 2015 to 2017 outbreak of Zika generated global attention on the risk of a spectrum of neurological disorders posed to women and their unborn children-including, but not limited to, microcephaly-that came to be known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Images of women cradling babies born with CZS underscored the gendered nature of the epidemic. Nonetheless, the media attention towards the highly gendered dimensions of the outbreak was not matched by a recognition of the importance of female participation in the decision-making for the control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector responsible for the spread of Zika. Moreover, while women were the target population of the public health response to the epidemic, the impact of arbovirus policies on women was largely neglected. This paradox-the absence of gender in the policy response to a problem where the gender dimensions were evident from the start-adds to other questions about the sustainability of arbovirus control. The Zika epidemic is but one element of a broader problem with arboviruses-including dengue fever, yellow fever, and chikungunya-which by and large remain neglected across Latin America (and much of the world). Dengue fever, spread by the same A. aegypti mosquito, has shown considerable growth across the continent in recent years [1]. For example, Brazil reported close to 1.5 million cases of the disease between 2014 and 2016 [2]. This is mirrored across Latin America, where there have been almost 700,000 reported cases so far in 2019 alone [3]. Similarly, the region is witnessing the highest rates of other diseases transmitted by A. aegypti. This includes yellow fever-particularly in Brazil [4] [5]-and chikungunya, which was only introduced to the hemisphere in 2013 and is now present in almost every country in the region, causing a significant morbidity burden [6]. Another question pertains to the complex history of arbovirus control in the region, which has demonstrated some notable, if only temporary, successes [7]. Recognition of this history and of the historical ecology of mosquitoes in the region is essential for the effectiveness of present programs, which thus far have repeated the mistakes of the past. Brazil has eliminated A aegypti numerous times [8] [9]. Nonetheless, the preference for vertical programs focusing on the "war" against Aedes has led to short-lived results, with mosquitoes returning within years, due, in a large part, to the absence of a coordinated regional response and the failure to consider and integrate the socioeconomic and structural determinants that enable mosquitoes to thrive. These include substandard living conditions, including those that result from rapid urbanization, increasing population density, poor quality housing, and inadequate sanitary and health facilities, along with lasting public sector deficiencies such as lack of routine water

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BackgroundScience studies have been a field of research for different knowledge areas, and they have been successfully used to analyse the construction of scientific knowledge, practice and dissemination. In this study, we aimed to verify how the Zika epidemic has moulded the scientific articles published worldwide by analysing international collaborations and the knowledge landscape through time, as well as research topics and country involvement. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Oliveira JFd, Pescarini JM, Rodrigues MdS, Almeida BdA, Henriques CMP, Gouveia FC, et al. (2020) The global scientific research response to the public health emergency of Zika virus infection. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0229790. https://doi.

Este trabalho caracteriza e discute a privatização da gestão do sistema municipal de saúde na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, com base em uma perspectiva administrativista e política. A metodologia consistiu em levantamento bibliográfico e análise de legislação e documentos públicos. A pesquisa demonstrou que embora a lei de Organizações Sociais (OS) seja de 2006, metade da privatização da gestão ainda é regulada por um ajuste provisório anterior, o convênio. Em 2011, 61% dos serviços eram geridos por entidades privadas que, em 2012, receberam 44% do orçamento da saúde. As vinte entidades envolvidas incluem cinco dos dez maiores grupos privados de serviços médicos do país. Órgãos fiscalizadores evidenciam falhas de controle nos contratos de gestão, mas os convênios, que apresentam controle mais frágil, têm sido invisíveis à fiscalização. Por fim, o marco legal é instável. Valendo-se da experiência paulistana, discute-se o caráter político vs. técnico da regulação da gestão privada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemicResumo Dados ganham cada vez mais importância e valor na busca de respostas para enfrentar a COVID-19 tanto para a ciência quanto para as autoridades sanitárias. Em virtude da dificuldade de realizar diagnóstico da infecção na população em geral, iniciativas apoiadas em tecnologias digitais vêm sendo desenvolvidas por governos ou empresas privadas para possibilitar rastreamentos de sintomas, contatos e deslocamentos de modo a apoiar estratégias de acompanhamento e avaliação na vigilância de contágios. A despeito da importância e necessidade dessas iniciativas, questionamentos acerca da quantidade e tipos de dados pessoais coletados, processados, compartilhados e utilizados em nome da saúde pública, bem como os concomitantes ou posteriores usos desses dados, suscitam questionamentos éticos, legais e técnicos. Desafios que apontam para a necessidade de novos modelos de governança de dados e de tecnologias, responsáveis e transparentes, para controlar o Sars-Cov2 e as futuras emergências de saúde pública. Palavras-chave Dados pessoais,

This study aimed to analyze organizational processes of change in the hospital care management by using qualitative evaluation developed

Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public’s symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir o surgimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como uma agência especializada de âmbito internacional, seu funcionamento, os principais marcos históricos e políticos e as estratégias de luta pela hegemonia no cenário sanitário internacional. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental através de documentos da OMS, discursos de seus diretores gerais, textos de apresentação institucional, artigos e editoriais. Dois momentos fundamentais na influência da OMS nas políticas de saúde internacionais foram identificados: o Programa Saúde para Todos (2000) e a política promovida pela gestão Gro-Brundtland (1998-2002) na direção da OMS, período em que são realizadas profundas transformações nas políticas de saúde internacionais e, em especial, em que há a necessidade de estabelecer nexos metodológicos e políticos com as estratégias de globalização da economia e com as políticas de saúde globais².